Unmanned Sail Prototype Offers Open-Ocean Intel Options

SAN DIEGO - A sleek vessel with a triple hull and 6-story-tall mast will leave San Diego Bay this fall for the open waters of the Pacific Ocean in a show of the potential of unmanned watercraft.
The craft will be the latest prototype of the first "Harbor Wing," which has plied the waters off Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, for several years as a concept vehicle for an autonomous unmanned surface vessel. This unmanned boat is like a seagoing robot that provides the eyes and ears - and information and intelligence - without the need for humans aboard.

"I've removed the sailor from the sailing," said Mark Ott, executive vice president of Harbor Wing Technologies, who built the first prototype with a catamaran he bought for $12,000 to fill a Navy need for unmanned surface vessels.
Buoyed by the Navy's input and $10 million in research and development funds, Ott's company intends to get its second Harbor Wing, dubbed X-2, sailing by September once construction and final assembly of the 40-by-50-foot, 10-ton craft is completed. The company showed off a model this month during the annual Coalition Warrior Interoperability Demonstration, hosted by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center-Pacific's C2 technologies and experimentation division.
With a composite mast mirroring the famous "sail wing" that gives America's Cup contenders their speed, and an all-electric engine for backup, Harbor Wing is designed as a fast and modular sailing platform outfitted with radar, sonar, cameras, navigation and a collision-avoidance system. It also will house advanced network communications and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems.
The vessel is controlled by radios and a commercial global positioning satellite system that Ott said allows it to sail "within three meters of accuracy." It could be used for missions including coastal surveillance, counterdrug, interception operations and patrols for the Navy and Coast Guard, company officials say.
Although Harbor Wing will operate without a captain and crew by sailing on a pre-programmed course, "the man is always in the loop," Ott said.
An operator, seated at a computer that could be hundreds of miles away, can control the craft with keystrokes that relay commands via satellite.
The transmission gap, from order to receipt, is only 18 seconds, which "on the open ocean is not much," he said, "so you have very close control."
While unmanned, Harbor Wing won't necessarily be a sitting duck if it enters a more hostile environment.
"It will have a multilayered self-defense capability," said Ott, noting possible systems like sound, noxious gases and lasers to thwart threats and prevent someone from commandeering the craft.
"The boat can also be told it's time to run," he said, and it can reach 15 knots under sail or 30 knots with the engine running.
The triple-hull, hydrofoil design planned for the third vessel, X-3, will serve as "great big shock absorbers" and give the vessel greater sea legs, he added, enabling it to operate up to Sea State 5 - that's 6-foot waves and moderate winds - and survive in rougher waters up to Sea State 8, or 18-foot waves, without upending itself.
The X-2 vessel will encounter higher sea states off San Diego than the first craft endured in Hawaii during longer periods at sea to further test technologies, Ott said.
President Larry Colangelo said the company hopes to send X-2 to Hawaii and back to San Diego on orders but with a manned boat trailing along.

About HWT X-3

Specifications for Harbor Wing Technologies' third prototype, a triple-hull hydrofoil.
■ Length: 50 feet
■ Beam: 40 feet
■ Mast height: 60 feet
■ Draft (hydrofoils lowered): 10 feet
■ Payload: 1,500 pounds
■ Stowage capacity: 600 cubic feet
■ Speed: 25-plus knots
■ Time at sea: 3-plus months
Source: Harbor Wing Technologies

France Taps Dassault To Supply MALE Drones

PARIS - France is in talks with French group Dassault Aviation to buy medium-altitude, long-endurance (MALE) drones to enter service in 2014, Defence Minister Gerard Longuet said July 21.
"This acquisition will replace the drone system currently used by the armed forces, pending the entry into service around 2020 of the next generation of machines, developed as part of a Franco-British cooperation agreement signed in November 2010," Longuet said in a statement.

Dassault Aviation is offering a French version of the Israeli Heron TP drone, built in cooperation with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).
No further details on a possible deal were provided, but the announcement is seen as a victory for the French group over U.S. rival General Atomic, which makes the Reaper drone, and European group EADS, which makes the Harfang currently used by French forces and also based on an Israeli design.
Two next-generation European drones are competing for markets to enter service toward the end of the decade: the Telemos developed jointly by Dassault Aviation and Britain's BAE Systems and EADS's Talarion.

India Tests New Tactical Missile

NEW DELH - India has tested a little-known tactical missile, the Prahaar, which it says is comparable to the US. Army Tactical Missile.
"The test-firing was conducted successfully at 0820 hours on Thursday. Prahaar has the capability to strike targets at 150 kilometers," said an official of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), which has developed the missile.

An Indian Army official said the Prahaar is like an artillery rocket that can be effective as a battlefield support system and can carry multiple payloads. A unique feature of the system is that in one salvo, six missiles can be fired at multiple targets in all directions.
The 7.3-meter-long missile with a 420mm diameter weighs 1,280 kilograms and can reach a height of 35 kilometers before striking its target at 150 kilometers distant in four minutes and 10 seconds, the DRDO official said.
The main advantage of the Prahaar missile is that it is powered by solid fuel, and as such is easier to transport. It can be readied for launch in two to three minutes.
"Prahaar can fill the gap between the homemade Pinaka multirocket launcher with a range of 40 kilometers and the homemade ballistic Prithvi with a range of 250 kilometers," said the Army official, adding that the missile can be used to take out tactical and strategic targets.

Proposed Defense Cuts Would Imperil U.S.: McKeon

The powerful chairman of the U.S. House Armed Services Committee says he won't support a bipartisan debt and spending package taking shape in the U.S. Senate because it would result in a more than $800 billion cut in defense spending over the next decade.

Rep. Buck McKeon, R-Calif., expressed strong misgivings about the “Gang of Six” plan in a July 20 memo sent to members of the U.S. House Armed Services Committee. (Chris Maddaloni / Staff file photo)

Of particular concern to Rep. Buck McKeon, R-Calif., is that the plan envisions $80 billion in cuts in military entitlements, such as retired pay and health care, that would have to be approved within six months.

McKeon spelled out his objections in a July 20 memo sent to armed services committee members. "Based on what we have read, the proposal would result in $886 billion in security cuts over 10 years," McKeon said.
The plan drafted by the so-called "Gang of Six" that is taking shape in the Senate does not specifically order cuts of that size in the defense budget. Rather, it calls for $3.7 trillion in cuts over 10 years in federal spending, in two phases - a $500 billion cut to be approved in six months that the bipartisan negotiators call a "down payment" on savings, and then other cuts to come later.
McKeon said the "down payment" includes $80 billion in entitlement savings over 10 years that would have to be found in six months by the armed services committees.
The larger cuts in discretionary defense spending would occur later when the House and Senate budget committees come up with discretionary spending limits and enforcement mechanisms to keep spending under control. The agreement calls for national security and domestic spending to be cut almost equally. McKeon estimates the national security budget would be cut by $886 billion over 10 years, with 85 percent – about $753 billion - coming from within the U.S. Defense Department.
"It is our belief that this proposal raises serious implications for defense and would not allow us to perform our constitutional responsibility to provide for the safety and security of our country or keep faith with men and women in uniform," McKeon said.
McKeon's criticism of the Gang of Six proposal is based in large part on a House Budget Committee analysis of the Senate proposal, plus McKeon's own concerns that the military is a stretched and stressed force than cannot handle large cuts without great risk.
The Senate deal is not done, but President Obama appeared to be embracing the idea if it could lead to an end to a debt crisis that threatens to leave the U.S. unable to pay its bills beginning Aug. 2.
The Gang of Six includes Democrats Kent Conrad of North Dakota, Dick Durbin of Illinois and Mark Warner of Virginia; and Republicans Saxby Chambliss of Georgia, Mike Crapo of Idaho and Tom Coburn of Oklahoma.
Coburn has just floated his own, more ambitious plan, which would reduce the deficit by $9 trillion over 10 years.

L-3 Displays Intel Plane, Eyes Export

LONDON - L-3 Communications has taken the wraps off a modified King Air 350 ER turboprop, which it says offers overseas customers an intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capability in advance of the U.S. Air Force's Project Liberty MC-12 aircraft but without many of the export clearance hang-ups associated with selling sophisticated spy platforms.
The U.S. company used last weekend's Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT) at the Royal Air Force base at Fairford, England, to debut its Spydr aircraft to air force chiefs and others from around the world who gather for the annual event.

Bob Spivey, vice president of special programs for L-3's Mission Integration Division, said if necessary the Spydr aircraft can avoid some of the issues created by International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) by using technology sourced from outside the U.S.
Italy's Selex Galileo announced July 18 it was partnering with L-3 to offer its e-scan PicoSAR synthetic aperture radar as a payload option.
The L-3 executive said they were also talking to German electro-optical/infrared turret provider Zeiss.
Discussions with other potential suppliers were also underway, but Spivey declined to name them at this stage.
"It doesn't matter whether we put an [L-3] Wescam or Zeiss ball on Spydr. It's the same capability, just a different source of technology. Using technology like the PicoSAR makes it exportable and gets us out of some of the ITAR issues," Spivey said.
The privately funded Spydr development is pitched at domestic and export customers in defense and civil markets looking for a lightweight, affordable ISR capability, Spivey said.
Nations big and small are looking for ISR capabilities for maritime and land surveillance, civil duties with the police and other roles that won't break the bank.
King Air platform builder Hawker Beechcraft brought a special missions demonstrator of its own to the Paris Air Show last month, and Spivey reckons Boeing and Raytheon will also be among those competing in the expanding market sector.
The Spiral 1 development aircraft shown by L-3 at RIAT featured a fuselage-mounted Wescam electro-optical/infrared turret, a fuselage pod with a 100-pound payload, a tactical data link, satellite communications, a full signals intelligence system and other sensor options.
Spivey said the aircraft was returning to the U.S. after the tattoo to have Spiral 2 developments installed - principally a 2-foot extension of the aircraft's nose to allow a second sensor turret to be fitted - before heading for the Dubai Air Show in November.
Further technology developments are planned within the year when the aircraft goes into a planned Spiral 3 upgrade.
Potential customers in the Persian Gulf region include Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, according to L-3 Chief Executive Mike Strianese, speaking at the Paris Air Show in June.
Spivey said L-3 and others had already given the Saudis their pitch to supply ISR aircraft for possible border patrol duties. The executive said the machine, which is effectively a next-generation aircraft beyond Project Liberty, is also creating interest in South America, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, southern Africa , the U.K. and the U.S.
Britain already operates a Raytheon-supplied King Air special mission aircraft known as the Shadow.
Spivey said the Spydr is about three generations ahead of that aircraft, which was purchased by the British as an urgent operational requirement for campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Mark Johnson, L-3's vice president of next-generation ISR special programs, said the key design themes were flexibility and modularity to allow the company to tailor Spydr to meet the differing demands of customers.
L-3 has delivered dozens of special mission King Air-based twin turboprops, including MC-12 aircraft, to the U.S. Air Force but is not restricted to using the platform.
"While we love the airplane, we are not limited to using it," Spivey said. "The King Air just happens to be our test airframe."
The executive listed the C-27J, EADS CASA aircraft and the Dash-8 as other potential airframes.
"We are more talking about mission system than platforms," Spivey said. "[The King Air] just happens to be a real nice turbo aircraft which gets up to 35,000 feet. In the maritime surveillance business, you may need something like the Dash-8."
Spivey said the modular mission system also allowed a move down to smaller aircraft than the King Air, and the company was already doing some lighter-than-air and special operations-type work.

Breakthroughs Promise Cheaper Titanium

Titanium will become far less expensive and far easier for manufacturers to use, says U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu.
New extraction and processing methods mean "the cost of titanium will drop by a factor of two to five," Chu said July 19 at the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Energy Forum in Arlington, Va.

And a new manufacturing process uses lasers to fuse powdered titanium into a far greater range of shapes than currently possible, allowing "remarkable structures," Chu said.
Chu spoke about lightweight components that would increase fuel efficiency in ground vehicles.
But the aerospace industry would also benefit, said Richard Aboulafia, an analyst at the Teal Group, Fairfax, Va.
"It's huge," Aboulafia said. "Because of the rise of exotic materials, titanium plays a huge role."
Titanium, which is generally used as an intermediary between traditional aluminum structures and the newer composite materials that are increasingly dominating aircraft structures, is currently used relatively sparingly due to its high price. A drop in cost could allow it to be used in more airframe components.
Aboulafia said the metal's cost has helped push costs up on various defense programs, including the Pentagon's F-35 program and U.S. Air Force's C-5 modernization program. He added that anything that can be done to decrease material costs helps to increase the Defense Department's buying power.

Libyan Rebels Meet Sarkozy, Ask for Weapons

PARIS - Military leaders from the rebel-held Libyan city of Misrata asked French President Nicolas Sarkozy on July 20 for extra aid to defeat ruler Moammar Gadhafi, a member of their delegation said.
"Insurgent commanders came to explain to the head of state that the keys to Tripoli are in Misrata because Misrata's fighters are disciplined, battle hardened and they have a key asset: a military victory already won" against forces loyal to Gadhafi, Bernard-Henri Levy told AFP after the meeting.

French writer Levy has been an ardent supporter of the Libyan revolt and attended the talks at Sarkozy's Elysee palace alongside rebel General Ramadan Zarmuh, Col. Ahmed Hashem and Col. Brahim Betal Mal.
France is taking part in NATO-coordinated strikes against Gadhafi's military assets and was the first outside state to formally recognize the rebels' Transitional National Council.
Sarkozy's main military advisor, Gen. Benoit Puga, took part in the talks, and a source close to the delegation said discussions between Libyan rebel leaders and French military top brass were ongoing July 20.
Misrata insurgents hope that France will provide similar support to that given to the rebel enclave in the Nafusa Mountains, southwest of Tripoli, the source said.
France in June said that it had delivered weapons to rebels there to help defend themselves against Gadhafi's forces.
Misrata, around 125 miles east of Tripoli, has been controlled by rebels since mid-May, after a two-month siege by Gadhafi forces.