Russian Military Aircraft Breach Finnish Airspace

 On June 10, the Finnish Ministry of Defense reported a suspected incursion into Finnish airspace by a Russian military aircraft near Loviisa, a town less than 100 km from Helsinki. This day saw significant Russian air activity, including flights by several Tu-95MS and Tu-22M3 strategic bombers, escorted by Su-30SM, Su-27, and Su-33 fighters over the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea.

Additionally, German Eurofighter EF-2000 jets stationed in NATO's Latvia were dispatched to intercept two Su-27 fighters and an Il-20 Coot electronic reconnaissance aircraft operating near the Baltic states without prior flight plans or active transponders.

According to the Finnish Ministry of Defense, the Russian aircraft reportedly penetrated 2.5 km (1.55 miles) into Finnish territory before turning back, with the incursion lasting around two minutes. Finnish Defense Minister Antti Hakkanen emphasized the seriousness of any suspected territorial violation, noting that preliminary investigations are conducted in such cases.

Four days later, the investigation revealed the situation was more serious than initially thought. The Finnish Border Guard Agency, under the Ministry's jurisdiction, discovered that at least three additional aircraft were involved in the breach, totaling four aircraft: two bombers and two fighters. The investigation continues, and final results will be shared upon completion.

Interestingly, the Finnish Air Force, despite deploying four F/A-18 Hornets in Romania under NATO, did not initially respond to this incident. This was not addressed in the Ministry of Defense's first press release. However, back in August 2022, one of their fighter jets intercepted two MiG-31s that briefly entered Finnish airspace, coinciding with Russia's nuclear exercises with Belarus.

Historical Context:

Finland, once part of the Kingdom of Sweden for over 600 years, was ceded to the Russian Empire in 1809, gaining a special autonomous status as a grand duchy. After the Russian Empire's collapse in 1917, Finland declared independence. The Winter War of 1940 tested Finland's independence, with the Soviet Union annexing parts of the country despite Finland's strong defense. This left lasting concerns about potential future conflicts with Russia.

During the Cold War, Finland maintained its independence but could not strongly oppose the Soviet Union, a period known as "Finlandization." After the Soviet Union's fall, Finland joined the European Union and NATO, achieving full political freedom.

Finland has since prepared for potential conflict with Russia, evident in its defense strategy, which includes remote highways set up for fighter jets. This allows for quick mobilization of its air force, assuming regular air bases might be initial targets in a conflict. Finland's "total defense" strategy, according to the Financial Times, showcases a robust Finnish Air Force, currently operating F/A-18 fighter jets soon to be upgraded to advanced F-35 Lightning IIs.

Ukraine Successfully Intercepts Russian Kh-101 Missile with Cluster Warhead for the First Time

 

Ukrainian forces have successfully intercepted a Russian Kh-101 cruise missile equipped with a cluster warhead for the first time, as reported by Defense Express. This interception occurred on the night of June 7, when a Tu-95MS bomber launched five Kh-101/Kh-555 cruise missiles, all of which were neutralized by the Ukrainian Air Force.

An officer from the Armed Forces, blogging under “Colonel GSH,” discussed this event, highlighting that the Kh-101 variant features both a high-explosive warhead and a cluster warhead. These missiles are likely intended for airfield attacks.

The frequency of Russia deploying these missiles in Ukraine remains uncertain, and there is limited information on the production distribution of various warhead types. However, it is known that Russia started producing Kh-101 missiles with dual warheads as of March. Earlier Russian sources had indicated that the Kh-101's warhead capacity increased to 800 kilograms, though this reduces its range.

In May, Defense Express noted an event on May 8 where a recently manufactured Russian Kh-101 missile was intercepted, underscoring the fresh deployment of these weapons. The Kh-101 series is distinguished by its dual warhead configuration, which includes a 450-kilogram warhead and an additional 350-kilogram warhead. There is no information confirming the presence of a cluster warhead among the two.

This dual warhead capability, achieved by reducing the fuel tank size, results in a decreased flight range from about 5,500 kilometers to approximately 2,250 kilometers. The dual warhead concept was first mentioned by Sergei Shoigu, head of the Russian Ministry of Defense, in January 2024 during a visit to the Raduga missile design bureau. This development raises concerns about its implications for ongoing conflicts.

The new warhead incorporates pre-made damaging components typically found in anti-aircraft missiles, now posing a greater threat to ground targets. Russian sources had speculated about the Kh-101 housing dual warheads as early as mid-2022.

The Kh-101's recent enhancements, including its guidance system and optical and electronic components, mark a significant advancement. The updated Kh-101 now features three fixed lenses, improving accuracy compared to its predecessor. Both the Kh-101 and its nuclear variant, the Kh-102, incorporate stealth features and other advancements.

The Kh-102, capable of carrying a 20-kiloton nuclear warhead, is a key component of Russia’s nuclear arsenal, boasting a longer range than the US AGM-158 JASSM cruise missile. Upgraded strategic bombers like the Tu-160M and Tu-95MSM can carry the Kh-101 missile, which can have different warheads including high explosive, penetration high explosive, and submunitions.

Russia claims the Kh-101 can accurately hit moving targets within 10 meters, usually within 7 meters, at distances up to 5,500 kilometers. The missile, made entirely of Russian parts by the Raduga Design Bureau, was first used in combat in November 2015 during Russia’s involvement in the Syrian civil war. While initial strikes were largely on target, one missile reportedly landed in Iran near the city of Shush, about 750 kilometers from the Syrian border.

S.Korea, Japan scramble jets as China, Russia enter Seoul's ADIZ

 As per news reports, on Thursday, both South Korea and Japan scrambled fighter jets in response to Chinese and Russian military planes entering their respective air defense zones. South Korea's military reported that two Chinese and four Russian aircraft entered the Korea Air Defense Identification Zone (KADIZ) off its east coast between 11:53 a.m. and 12:10 p.m. The planes exited the area without violating South Korea's territorial airspace, according to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).

Simultaneously, Japan deployed jets to monitor joint flights by Chinese and Russian bombers and fighters. The aircraft, including China's H-6, J-16, Y-8, and Russia's Tu-95 and Su-35, were observed flying toward the East China Sea through the channel between Japan and South Korea, as reported by Japan's defense ministry.

An Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) allows countries to unilaterally request foreign aircraft to take specific identification measures, distinct from a nation's airspace. Unlike airspace, there are no international laws governing ADIZ. It's notable that Moscow does not recognize Korea's ADIZ, while Beijing contends that the zone is not territorial airspace, asserting that all countries should enjoy freedom of movement within it.