Turkey's KAAN Fighter Jet: Ambitious Plans for Global Sales and Advanced Capabilities

 In a recent interview with Gdh TV, Mehmet Demiroğlu, the executive director of Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), detailed the ambitious plans for the KAAN fighter jet, which is touted as Turkey's fifth-generation fighter. Preliminary data suggests that the Turkish Air Force will acquire over 100 KAAN aircraft. Additionally, TAI aims to secure international orders, potentially boosting total sales to between 250 and 300 units. Friendly and allied nations are expected to receive around 150 of these jets. 

The KAAN recently completed its second flight, with former TAI executive Temel Kotil claiming the aircraft would surpass the American F-35 in performance. TAI is actively promoting the KAAN internationally to avoid a significant price hike, as the cost of each jet could exceed $100 million without external orders. 

Potential partners include Azerbaijan, with whom Turkey signed a cooperation agreement last summer, and Pakistan. Ukraine has also shown interest, with their ambassador to Turkey indicating plans to both purchase and utilize the KAAN fighters. By 2028, the Turkish Air Force plans to receive 20 KAAN fighters, with production expected to ramp up significantly by 2030.

The KAAN fighter, also known as the TF-X, is designed to perform a variety of missions, including air-to-air combat, air-to-ground strikes, and reconnaissance. It is being developed by TAI in collaboration with various national and international partners. The aircraft's dimensions include a length of approximately 19 meters, a wingspan of around 12 meters, and a height of about 6 meters. Its twin-engine setup will enable high-speed maneuvers and sustained supersonic flight, though the exact engine model is not yet confirmed. 

The KAAN boasts advanced stealth capabilities, supercruise ability, and highly agile aerodynamics, reducing its radar cross-section. Its avionics suite features advanced radar systems, electronic warfare capabilities, and an integrated sensor fusion system for comprehensive situational awareness and multi-target engagement. 

The aircraft will carry various weapons, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles, precision-guided bombs, and a built-in cannon, with multiple hardpoints for external weapons and fuel tanks. Its operational range is projected to be around 1,200 nautical miles without refueling, extendable with external fuel tanks or aerial refueling.

Promoting the KAAN in the international market is crucial for Turkey to manage costs and enhance its defense capabilities. The aircraft’s advanced features and ambitious production plans reflect Turkey’s commitment to establishing a robust and competitive aerospace industry. The KAAN project, led by TAI with both national and international collaborations, represents a significant step forward in Turkey’s defense technology and its aspirations for a stronger presence in the global defense market.

Western Sanctions Fail to Diminish Russian Military-Industrial Output Amid Ukraine Conflict

 

Despite extensive sanctions and significant efforts, Western nations have been unable to effectively undermine Russia's military-industrial complex. This issue extends beyond electronic components, which continue to reach Russia through alternative and more costly routes despite export restrictions. The production of shells, missiles, armored vehicles, and drones has surged, enabling President Vladimir Putin to persist in his aggressive campaign against a neighboring country.

Experts from the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Jack Watling and Gary Somerville, attribute the West's failure to halt Russia’s military operations to a lack of a unified approach during the initial sanction phase, among other factors.

A significant issue is Europe’s lack of infrastructure to enforce sanctions effectively, unlike the United States. Europe has historically treated sanctions more as a regulatory tool rather than economic warfare, aiming to shame rather than significantly disrupt harmful activities.

Despite the concerted efforts of Ukraine's international allies, Russia continues to obtain nitrocellulose from Germany, Turkey, and Taiwan. Additionally, it sources other essential raw materials for explosives globally, allowing rapid escalation in ammunition production. Since the war began, Russia has significantly increased its production of:

• 152-mm artillery shells: Increasing production by 5.3 times, from 250,000 per year to an expected 1.325 million in 2024. Around 800,000 122-mm shells are expected this year.
• Grad multiple launch rocket systems: Production will increase by 15.2 times, from 33,000 to over 500,000 shells. The Uragan system will see a 6.1 times increase, from 2,800 in 2023 to 17,000 this year.
• Kh-101 cruise missiles: Production has increased from 56 units in 2021 to a projected 420 units in 2023, aiming for 460 units.
• 9M723 Iskander missiles: Production has more than tripled, rising from 50 in reserve at the start of 2023 to 180 within a year.
• Iranian Shahed-136 drones: Production has surged 6.3 times, with collaborative production in Russia and Iran now exceeding 250 units monthly.

Estimating armored vehicle production in Russia is challenging. In 2024, Russia is projected to produce around 1,500 tanks and 3,000 other armored vehicles, with 85% being refurbished from existing stocks. The production of new armored vehicles is also increasing, with the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant's BMP-3 units production recorded at 100, 108, 120, and 135 units quarterly in 2023.

Russian manufacturers have adapted to losing access to Thales’ thermal imagers from France by substituting them with Chinese and Belarusian alternatives. These conversions require machine modifications, but significant imports from the United States, Europe, Taiwan, and other countries continue, including essential software updates.

The importation of dual-use goods critical to Russia's military-industrial strength has surged since President Putin met with Chinese President Xi Jinping in March 2023, according to a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Deliveries of helicopter parts, navigation systems, and precision machinery for weapons and aircraft components have jumped from a few thousand to nearly 30,000 monthly, enabling the Kremlin to expedite the production of armaments like armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, and drones. This boost has fortified their defenses during the Ukrainian counteroffensive in 2023, explained CSIS senior fellow Max Bergmann.

Turkey Signs $23B Deal for Advanced F-16 Jets to Modernize Air Force and Boost NATO Ties

 

Turkey has officially signed an agreement to purchase new F-16 fighters from the United States, a major step in its efforts to modernize its air force. The deal, confirmed on June 13 by Turkey's defense ministry and the U.S. State Department, marks a significant development in the bilateral defense relationship.

In October 2021, Turkey requested to buy 40 F-16 Block 70/72 fighters to replace its aging F-4E Phantoms. This request also included 79 modernization kits to upgrade older F-16s to similar standards. Although the sale faced initial resistance in Washington, Turkey's support for Sweden's NATO membership and its strong stance against Russia have eased opposition. U.S. Ambassador to Ankara, Jeffrey Flake, called the deal "beneficial for U.S. national security, Turkish national security, and NATO interoperability."

State Department Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel highlighted in January that both President Biden and Secretary Blinken have consistently supported the modernization of Turkey’s F-16 fleet, viewing it as a critical investment in NATO interoperability. Currently, Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the F-16, a fighter jet first introduced in 1974. However, Turkey’s F-16 variants are outdated, relying on mechanically scanned array radars with limited electronic warfare and situational awareness capabilities.

Turkey has initiated avionics modernization for 35 of its F-16 Block 30 jets, but NATO’s Turkish fleet still lags behind the more advanced air forces in the region. Countries like the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain have more sophisticated F-16 variants, while Egypt and Syria use enhanced MiG-29s with phased array radars, and Iran is set to deploy advanced Su-35s.

Enhancing Turkey’s aerial capabilities is crucial for NATO’s broader strategic interests, especially as regional challenges to U.S. influence intensify. Turkey’s military actions against Syria and other Iranian-aligned entities, along with support for jihadist affiliates, have complicated the regional military landscape, impacting the efforts of groups like Hezbollah and factions in Syria from focusing on Israel and the United States.

The F-16 Block 70/72 is a ‘4+ generation’ fighter with advanced avionics comparable to those in the latest F-35 stealth fighters. This variant features the APG-83 active electronically scanned array radar, making it a formidable platform for electronic warfare and providing superior situational awareness. The new F-16 variant’s advanced sensors and weapons systems significantly surpass those of older models, which were equipped with less sophisticated technology from the Cold War era and early 2000s.

Initially designed as a cost-effective, lightweight alternative to the F-15, the F-16 continues to play a vital role in U.S. and allied air forces. Turkey’s $23 billion order for the new F-16s will significantly boost the program, particularly as global demand for the aging fighter jet has waned.

Indonesia Considers Chinese YJ-12E Anti-Ship Missiles Amid South China Sea Tensions

 Indonesia is reportedly contemplating the purchase of YJ-12E anti-ship missiles from China, as indicated by Malaysian media. The defense portal DefSecAsia.com noted Indonesia’s interest in acquiring these missiles, raising eyebrows given the ongoing maritime border dispute between Indonesia and China in the South China Sea. This potential acquisition might be driven by political motivations beyond mere defense enhancements.

The South China Morning Post cited Indonesian analysts suggesting that the arms deal could symbolize a strategic political gesture, reassuring China that Indonesia is not a threat. An Indonesian military expert drew parallels to Malaysia's purchase of Keris patrol boats from China, intended to convey a non-confrontational stance towards China.

Moreover, reports indicate that Indonesia is considering collaboration with China for the production of the YJ-12E missile. Previously, Indonesia has partnered with Turkey to procure Atmaca anti-ship missiles and is currently negotiating joint production with Turkey. Malaysia has followed Indonesia's lead by expressing interest in a partnership with Turkish aerospace manufacturer Roketsan to produce Atmaca missiles.

STM General Manager Özger Gülerüz confirmed that Roketsan will supply Atmaca missiles to Malaysia, making it the second ASEAN nation after Indonesia to acquire this technology. The Atmaca is a sophisticated anti-ship missile with a range of up to 200 kilometers, and Indonesia is set to receive 45 Atmaca missiles to enhance its naval defenses. These missiles will be deployed on Fatahillah-class, Parhum-class, and KCR FPB 57 corvettes, bolstering their capabilities against enemy ships.

While Atmaca missiles will be stationed on warships, the YJ-12E is intended for shore-based military posts. Indonesian military experts suggest that the Atmaca and YJ-12E will complement each other in national defense. Should Malaysia also procure the Atmaca, they might consider the YJ-12E due to the synergy between these systems.

The YJ-12E, an export variant of China's YJ-12, is a supersonic anti-ship missile designed to target large naval vessels, including aircraft carriers. Known for its speed and maneuverability, it poses a significant threat in maritime warfare. The missile measures approximately 6.3 meters in length and 0.76 meters in diameter, allowing it to carry a substantial warhead while maintaining a streamlined profile for high-speed travel.

Powered by a solid rocket booster for initial launch and a ramjet engine for sustained supersonic cruise, the YJ-12E can achieve speeds of up to Mach 3, performing evasive maneuvers to evade interception. It can be launched from various platforms, including aircraft, surface ships, and potentially land-based launchers, enhancing its operational flexibility.

Equipped with a high-explosive warhead, the YJ-12E is designed to inflict maximum damage upon impact. Its high speed increases the kinetic energy, enhancing its destructive capability. With an operational range of approximately 400 kilometers, the YJ-12E can engage targets from a considerable distance, providing a strategic advantage by keeping launch platforms out of enemy defense range.

How Truck-Mounted Howitzers Like Caesar and Atmos Revolutionize Modern Artillery in Ukraine

 French artillery engineers came up with a straightforward yet effective concept: mount a powerful gun on a truck to create cost-efficient, self-propelled artillery. This idea has proven highly effective on the Ukrainian battlefield, prompting Western militaries to reconsider their artillery strategies.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has underscored the importance of long-range artillery, a key focus at the Eurosatory defense show in Paris starting June 17. Charles Beaudouin, a retired French general and head of the event, emphasized the necessity for artillery mobility due to threats from drones and rapid counter-battery fire. He highlighted the KNDS France’s Caesar howitzer, mounted on a truck, as a prime example of this trend.

“The advantage of the wheeled cannon is its maximum efficiency,” Beaudouin told Defense News. “You lose nothing in terms of firepower, rate of fire, precision, or range, and you gain a nimble, stealthy vehicle.”

Beaudouin’s support for the Caesar is well-founded, as at least nine other countries, including the UK and Germany, have invested in self-propelled wheeled howitzers recently, influenced by the Ukrainian experience. Paul Daniels, a defense industry consultant, noted a growing focus on these systems due to their performance in Ukraine.

Modern battlefield threats like loitering munitions and precision-guided shells have highlighted the critical need for mobility, as demonstrated by the Israeli firm Elbit Systems’ Atmos howitzer. These systems can quickly move into position, fire multiple rounds, and relocate swiftly—a tactic known as “shoot and scoot.”

KNDS has reported increased interest in the Caesar, partly due to Russian soldiers’ reports of its effectiveness. The Caesar's agility allows it to evade Russian forces, making it particularly feared.

Drone surveillance in Ukraine has forced artillery crews to camouflage their positions or move immediately after firing to avoid retaliatory strikes. Gen. James Rainey of the U.S. Army Futures Command noted the future battlefield’s sensor saturation will make hiding nearly impossible. The U.S. Army is thus reconsidering its artillery modernization, looking at European wheeled howitzers for their range, mobility, and effectiveness.

Recent advancements in artillery technology have made wheeled systems like the Caesar and Atmos highly desirable. The U.S. Army tested these systems, along with others, for competitive evaluation in 2021, noting their longer range compared to current U.S. and Russian systems.

The demand for these systems has surged due to the immediate need highlighted by the conflict in Ukraine. European countries, among others, have turned to wheeled artillery for their mobility and survivability advantages. Eurosatory will showcase several of these systems, including the new Caesar MkII and various other models.

Truck-mounted artillery has gained global popularity, with countries like Turkey and China developing their own versions. Recent purchases by Belgium, Brazil, the UK, and Germany further underscore the trend towards wheeled systems.

The cost benefits of wheeled over tracked artillery are significant, with lower purchase, operation, and maintenance costs. Wheeled systems also offer greater mobility due to their lighter weight, enhancing their tactical advantages on the battlefield.

The Ukrainian conflict has demonstrated the effectiveness of wheeled artillery in a high-intensity war, with the Caesar and other similar systems proving their worth against traditional tracked artillery. This shift in military strategy highlights the evolving nature of modern warfare and the increasing importance of mobility and rapid response in artillery operations.

Malaysia Secures Turkish Corvettes for LMS Batch 2 Project: Enhancing Naval Capabilities

 

On June 10, 2024, Malaysia signed a letter of acceptance (LOA) with the Turkish Defense Industry Agency (SSB) for the procurement of three Littoral Mission Ship (LMS) corvettes for the Royal Malaysian Navy. This announcement, made by the SSB Chief, finalizes negotiations between the two countries, initially reported during the Defense and Security Asia (DSA) 2024 exhibition held in Kuala Lumpur from May 6-9, 2024.

While details about the project timeline were not specified, SSB Chief Haluk Görgün confirmed that STM will construct the three ships in Turkey, tailored to meet the Royal Malaysian Navy's requirements. These ships will incorporate products from several Turkish defense industry companies, including HAVELSAN, ASELSAN, and ROKETSAN.

The announcement also highlighted a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Turkey and Malaysia regarding the procurement of defense products. This marks the first time Malaysia has signed a government-to-government (G2G) MoU for defense product procurement with another country.

“These significant meetings and agreements not only represent substantial progress in our defense industry cooperation but also herald a new era of strategic partnership between Turkey and Malaysia,” Görgün remarked.

Based on the MİLGEM corvette model displayed at the Malaysian Navy’s booth, the dimensions of the corvette for Malaysia are similar to the Turkish counterpart, with some configuration adjustments. The LMS Batch 2 Corvette will feature air defense missiles housed in 2×2-cell Vertical Launch Systems (VLSs) located in the aft mast area. The selected air defense missile is the Haegung (Sea Bow) Surface-to-Air Missile (SAAM) from South Korean company Lig NEX1, with 16 Haegung SAAMs onboard.

The Ada-class corvette, part of the MILGEM project, is Turkey’s first national shipbuilding initiative aimed at creating a modern littoral combat ship with indigenous anti-submarine warfare and high-seas patrol capabilities, utilizing stealth technology in its design.

The Ada-class Corvette is equipped to detect, locate, classify, identify, and destroy air, surface, and underwater targets, and provide Naval Gunfire Support. These corvettes are also adept at evading threats and performing maritime operations such as surveillance and patrol, protecting coastal areas and infrastructure, and monitoring Exclusive Economic Zones.

Designed to accommodate a 10-ton helicopter with platform, hangar, and extensive service and handling equipment, helicopter operations can be performed at sea state 4. A MILGEM corvette can house 106 sailors, including the flight crew, with a total accommodation capacity of 108.

The LMS Batch 2 corvettes are multipurpose vessels capable of executing a range of missions, including reconnaissance, surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, and both surface-to-surface and surface-to-air warfare.

LMS Batch 2 Main Specifications:

• Displacement: 2,500 tonnes
• Length: 99.56 meters
• Beam: 14.42 meters
• Draft: 3.9 meters
• Propulsion: CODAG (1 GE LM2500 gas turbine and 2 diesel engines)
• Max Speed: 26 knots
• Range: 4,000 nautical miles at 14 knots
• Crew: 111
• Weaponry: 1x 76 mm gun; 2x 12.7mm STAMP; 8 × Atmaca; 21 × RAM; 30 mm Aselsan Smash; 4-cell quad pack Haegung SAM; Gökdeniz CIWS

Russian Company Offers Bounty for Downing Ukrainian F-16 Jets

 A Russian company has announced substantial rewards for shooting down any Ukrainian F-16 fighter jets. Sergey Shmotyev, the director of the Ural-based company Fores, has offered a bounty of 15 million rubles ($168,000) for the first F-16 downed and 500,000 rubles ($5,600) for each additional one.

In the past, Fores has offered rewards for destroying tanks, with 5 million rubles ($56,000) for the first tank and 500,000 rubles ($5,600) for each subsequent tank. Shmotyev mentioned that over 20 tanks have claimed these rewards.

Despite the planned delivery of F-16s to Ukraine, many military analysts and Western officials believe it won't drastically change the conflict's dynamics. Estonian Defense Chief Hanno Pevkur previously stated that the European Union has not reached a consensus on sending military personnel to Ukraine due to opposition from several countries.

The anticipated American-made F-16s, to be donated by countries like Denmark and the Netherlands, are expected to arrive later this year. Western experts and officials emphasize that the arrival of these jets depends on the readiness and training of Ukrainian pilots.

A Greek officer from the Hellenic Air Force has reportedly arrived in Kyiv to assist with the operational use of the F-16, although his identity remains confidential. Greece’s experience with Western combat aircraft, particularly through conflicts with Turkey, provides valuable knowledge in air-to-air missions.

Reports confirm that the first group of Ukrainian F-16 pilots has completed training in the USA, although the exact number of trained pilots is undisclosed. Earlier this year, a U.S. defense official noted that four Ukrainian pilots were training with the 162nd Wing at Morris Air National Guard Base in Arizona, with 20 support personnel training in Texas.

Ukraine is set to receive several fourth-generation fighter jets from nations like the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and Norway as part of a coalition fighter framework, including commitments from the U.S. to train Ukrainian airmen.

In 2023, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced bonuses for Russian soldiers who destroy Western equipment on the battlefield. These include $1,200 for taking out a Leopard, Abrams, or Challenger 2 tank, and $600 for an armored infantry vehicle. Russian sources claim that 14 Abrams tanks have already been destroyed, resulting in payouts of $16,800 for each tank.

In an interesting twist, Russian grenadier Andrey Kravtsov received $12,000 in 2023 for destroying a Leopard 2 tank, with the sum potentially including additional rewards from private entities alongside state bonuses.

Ukraine will receive various types of F-16 jets, primarily the older F-16AM/BM Block 15 models, which feature basic electronics and systems. The Block 40 version has significant upgrades, including advanced radar and night flying systems, while the Block 50 version offers improved tracking and weapon capabilities. The Block 60, or F-16E/F, is the most advanced, featuring superior radar, electronic warfare capabilities, and extended range for longer missions.

Turkey's Hürjet and Anka-III Unmanned Aircraft Conduct Joint Flight, Showcasing Growing Military Prowess

 

In a remarkable display of Turkey's advancing military capabilities, two indigenously developed aircraft—the Hürjet trainer jet and the Anka-III unmanned combat aircraft—recently completed a joint flight.

Local media reports revealed that the ANKA-3 Flying Wing Unmanned Combat Aircraft and the HÜRJET, Turkey's first domestically built supersonic jet, flew together. During the test, the aircraft reached an altitude of 7,000 feet, flew at 165 knots, and remained airborne for 50 minutes.

Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) announced on social media platform X (formerly Twitter) that this joint flight marked the ANKA III's eighth sortie and the HÜRJET's 66th. This joint operation could signify the beginning of future collaborations, considering the Hürjet's role as a trainer aircraft and the Anka-III's as an unmanned jet. Analysts note this is significant as TAI plans to integrate manned-unmanned teaming in its next-generation stealth aircraft, 'KAAN', utilizing a data link for coordination.

The Anka-III made its maiden flight last year, following its development initiation in 2022. This medium-altitude UAV, designed for long-endurance surveillance, boasts a 30-hour endurance and can operate at 30,000 feet, covering 250 kilometers. The stealth UCAV, weighing 6.5 tonnes with a payload capacity of 750 kilograms, first flew on December 28, 2023.

The Anka-III is capable of various missions, including electronic warfare, ISR operations, and precision strikes, often overseen by ground stations. Its stealth design aims to withstand combat missions, such as electronic warfare and the suppression of enemy air defenses.

TAI is enhancing Anka-III's capabilities, with plans for a supersonic version featuring two engines, as confirmed by TAI CEO Temel Kotil.

The Hürjet, an advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, made its maiden flight on April 23, as announced by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on April 25. The aircraft, which has completed 66 sorties in over a year, gained attention after TAI won a contract to supply light combat aircraft to the Royal Malaysian Air Force, although it lost the tender to South Korea's FA-50.

Despite this setback, Turkey continues its efforts to export the Hürjet, recently entering Spain's tender to replace its F-5 trainer aircraft. Some analysts view the Hürjet as a competitor to Boeing's T-7 Red Hawk, which has faced delays. TAI hopes to market the Hürjet internationally before the T-7.

Hürjet is part of TAI's ambitious projects, including the Anka-III and KAAN fighter jets. The trainer is scheduled for its first overseas flight in Egypt this year, aiming to attract international customers. This recent flight underscores the rapid progress the aircraft has made in just a year.

Bayraktar TB3 Drone Completes Landmark Ski-Jump Test for Carrier Operations

 Turkey's carrier-capable drone, the Bayraktar TB3, has successfully conducted its first ski-jump test from a land-based runway, marking a significant milestone in its development. The TB3, developed by Baykar, had its initial flight tests from the TCG Anadolu last year. The TCG Anadolu, commissioned recently, is among the world’s first drone carriers.

The Bayraktar TB3 is an advanced version of the widely used TB2 drone, designed specifically for carrier operations. Featuring foldable wings and the capability to launch from short runways, the TB3 is set to be the first combat drone to take off and land on short-runway vessels like the TCG Anadolu.

In a video released by Baykar, the drone is shown taking off from a 12-degree inclined ramp in Edirne, northwest Turkey, under conditions that simulate the TCG Anadolu's deck. The TB3 successfully completed four takeoffs, demonstrating its readiness for carrier operations. Selçuk Bayraktar, Baykar’s chair and technology leader, commented on social media platform X: “Step by step to TCG Anadolu. And from there to the boundless blue seas.”

The drone will continue testing at the Baykar Flight Training and Test Center in Keşan, Edirne, which features a dedicated ramp runway. Initially unveiled in March 2023, the TB3 completed its maiden flight in October 2023, celebrating Turkey’s centenary. In December 2023, it set a new endurance record for the Bayraktar UAV family with a 32-hour flight.

The TB3, designed to operate alongside the Bayraktar Kizilelma, an unmanned fighter jet, signifies a leap in combat drone technology. The TCG Anadolu is notable as the first vessel globally to feature an air wing composed entirely of unmanned aircraft. Commissioned in April 2023, the ship is intended for long-endurance, long-distance military and humanitarian missions, serving as a command center for the Turkish Navy.

The TB3, an advanced version of the TB2, is armed with a variety of munitions and equipped for intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance missions. Its foldable wings, six hardpoints for carrying weapons, and enhanced flight endurance mark substantial improvements over the TB2. The drone can take off and land autonomously and communicate beyond the line of sight, making it highly versatile.

The TB3 is larger than the TB2, measuring 8.3 meters long, 2.6 meters tall, and with a 14-meter wingspan. It has a payload capacity of 280 kilograms, significantly more than the TB2’s 150 kilograms. The maximum takeoff weight of the TB3 is 1,450 kilograms, about twice that of the TB2. Additionally, it boasts a cruising speed of 125 to 160 mph, surpassing the TB2’s 70 to 120 knots.

The December 2023 tests highlighted the TB3’s endurance, indicating it can exceed the typical 24 to 27-hour range for Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) class UCAVs. This extended endurance, coupled with its advanced capabilities, positions the TB3 as a formidable asset in modern aerial combat.

Turkey Advances Design of KAAN Fighter Jet's New AESA Nose Radar

 

Turkey has entered the critical design phase for the Aselsan Murad-600A AESA radar for its KAAN fighter jet, according to SavunmaSanayiST.com. This advanced radar system, developed by Aselsan, has successfully completed its preliminary design period.

The Murad-600A AESA radar, a flagship product of Aselsan, represents a significant advancement in radar technology. Unlike traditional radars that use a single antenna for transmitting and receiving signals, AESA radars utilize an array of small, solid-state transmit/receive modules. This allows the radar to steer its beam electronically, offering faster target acquisition, improved resolution, and enhanced resistance to electronic countermeasures.

The Murad-600A is capable of performing multiple functions simultaneously, including air surveillance, target tracking, and electronic warfare. Its design emphasizes scalability and modularity, making it suitable for integration into various platforms, such as fighter jets, UAVs, naval vessels, and ground-based air defense systems.

With high-frequency operation, the Murad-600A ensures superior detection range and accuracy. Its advanced signal processing algorithms enhance its ability to track low-observable (stealth) targets, a crucial feature in modern warfare.

The development of the Aselsan Murad-600A AESA radar reflects a broader trend towards more sophisticated and versatile military radar systems, addressing the need for quick and accurate detection, tracking, and response to diverse and complex threats.

India Tightens Control as Weapons End Up in Ukrainian Hands

 India's defense industry is rapidly expanding, with the goal of becoming a leading aerospace and military hardware manufacturer by 2025. However, as production ramps up, the government is tightening regulations to prevent military equipment from falling into the wrong hands.

A report from the Economic Times on May 28 highlights that the Ministry of Defence is increasing oversight on military equipment manufactured in India. The ministry has instructed private manufacturers to strictly adhere to end-user certification (EUC) rules after reports emerged of Indian-made munitions ending up with unintended recipients.

When the government refers to 'wrong hands,' it means that weapons have reached unauthorized countries or organizations, including conflict zones without proper permissions. Colonel Abhay Balkrishna Patwardhan (Retd) emphasized that the goal is to prevent Indian weapons from reaching terrorist organizations or other unauthorized entities.

Earlier this year, reports suggested that Indian-made 155 mm artillery shells were being used by Ukraine. The Indian government denied these claims, asserting that no artillery ammunition had been exported to Ukraine. Despite this, images on social media in May showed Indian-made 125 mm shells being used in Ukraine, raising further concerns.

Previously, arms manufacturing in India was controlled by government-owned Ordnance Factories. The introduction of private sector involvement in arms exports has increased the risk of these weapons falling into unauthorized hands if not properly monitored. Additionally, outdated weapons and ammunition in India are disposed of as scrap, which can potentially end up in the gray market and be reverse-engineered.

The Ministry of Defence aims for a turnover of $22 billion in aerospace and defense manufacturing by 2025, with $4.3 billion in exports. In the last fiscal year, exports reached $2.5 billion, primarily driven by the private sector. However, Indian companies are restricted from exporting weapons to Ukraine, Turkey, China, and Pakistan.

To prevent unauthorized use, the government has strengthened end-user certification rules for exports. An EUC ensures that the purchaser is the final recipient and does not intend to transfer the materials to another party. The Ministry of Defence is also tightening oversight of imports through an internal portal to monitor the import and consumption of critical materials like explosives and primers.

The Saksham Bharat initiative encourages domestic production of parts and weapons previously imported. While exports are strictly controlled, imports have been less regulated. The new portal will track the usage of imported materials to ensure they are used for approved purposes, preventing unauthorized sales or stockpiling.

As India expands its military-industrial capabilities, it must balance legitimate exports and domestic production while preventing its products from reaching destabilizing entities. Through stringent regulations and digital surveillance, India aims to ensure its weapons remain in responsible hands, avoiding potential diplomatic crises.

Turkey's Navy Showcases Unmanned Surface Vessels in Denizkurdu-II Drill

 The Turkish Naval Forces recently conducted the Denizkurdu-II exercise in the Mediterranean Sea, which prominently featured several unmanned surface vessels (USVs) alongside ships, submarines, and aircraft. The drill, held from May 7 to May 18, also included participation from the Turkish Air Forces.

Among the USVs involved were six Albatros-S vessels, designed by the domestic company Aselsan. These vessels are 7.2 meters in length and 2 meters in width, with a displacement of 2,200 kilograms. Powered by a diesel engine, they can reach speeds exceeding 40 knots and are capable of carrying a 200-kilogram warhead.

Another USV featured in the drill was the TCB 1101, the first such vessel commissioned by the Turkish navy. The Marlin platform, which previously participated in NATO exercises REPMUS and Dynamic Messenger in 2022 off Portugal's coast, was developed through a collaboration between Aselsan and Sefine Shipyard. This vessel measures 15 meters in length, 3.85 meters in width, and has a displacement of 21 tons. It is equipped with the Ares 2N electronic support measures system, Ares 2NC electronic countermeasures systems, and the Stamp remote-controlled weapon station, all produced by Aselsan.

The USVs were operated from both land-based and shipborne control centers. Retired Rear Admiral Cem Okyay highlighted the capabilities of these unmanned vessels, noting their utility in defending against asymmetric threats, conducting anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, engaging in electromagnetic warfare, and performing mine countermeasure operations. Additionally, they enhance reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence gathering efforts.

In total, the exercise included 94 crewed ships, eight submarines, 10 maritime patrol aircraft, 16 helicopters, 28 unmanned combat aerial vehicles, 26 fighter jets, an airborne warning and control system aircraft, an A400M cargo plane, and a target-towing aircraft.

Greek Push for BrahMos Missile Against Turkey's S-400: Indo-Russian Defense Collaboration

 In 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Greece paved the way for potential cooperation between India and Greece, particularly in defense. Greek media has been increasingly vocal about acquiring the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile from India to counter Turkey's activities in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Crete.

During Prime Minister Modi's visit, the first by an Indian prime minister in four decades, discussions were held regarding collaboration in various sectors, including defense. The subsequent reciprocal visit by Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis in February 2024 further solidified bilateral relations.

Greek media outlets, notably the Greece City Times, have advocated for deploying BrahMos missiles on the eastern Aegean islands to strengthen Greece's naval capabilities. This move is seen as a strategic response to Turkey's assertive actions in the region.

Emmanuel Marios Economou and Nikos K. Kyriazis, academics at the University of Thessaly, have endorsed the acquisition of BrahMos missiles, arguing that it would significantly enhance Greece's maritime defense capabilities. They highlight the cost-effectiveness of BrahMos compared to traditional naval vessels.

The BrahMos missile, a joint venture between India and Russia, has garnered interest from several countries, including Greece. Its advanced features, such as supersonic speed and low-altitude flight capability, make it an attractive option for naval defense.

The potential deployment of BrahMos missiles in Greece has implications for regional dynamics, particularly in countering Turkey's "Blue Homeland" concept, which asserts territorial claims over the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.

As tensions between India and Turkey persist, Greece's interest in BrahMos signifies a potential alignment of interests between Athens and New Delhi. The deployment of BrahMos missiles in the Aegean Sea could alter the regional balance of power, challenging Turkey's assertiveness in the region.

Dutch F-35s Replace F-16s in NATO’s Quick Reaction Alert: Nuclear-Capable Interceptors on Standby

 On March 29, Dutch F-35s assumed the Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) duties previously held by F-16s, signaling a shift towards retiring the latter. Tasked with guarding the airspace over Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, these F-35s from the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) will rotate until May 9, with Belgian Air Force taking over thereafter.

NATO's QRA involves fighter aircraft scrambling to investigate potential airspace violations, requiring coordinated responses between reporting centers and pilots. The F-35's advanced capabilities, including powerful radar, stealth, and sensor fusion, make it a formidable interceptor, capable of identifying and engaging enemy aircraft before detection.

Operating from Leeuwarden and Volkel Air Base, the RNLAF's F-35As replace the aging F-16s, part of the phased transition towards a fleet of 52 F-35As. These aircraft, equipped with modern technology, ensure continuous readiness for rapid interception, particularly crucial amidst heightened tensions with Russia.

Despite past issues, including crashes and cost overruns, the F-35's cutting-edge features are acknowledged even by Russia-leaning experts. Furthermore, recent certification allows the F-35A to carry the B61-12 nuclear bomb, making it a dual-capable aircraft. However, this capability is currently limited to a new variant of the bomb, gradually replacing older versions.

Notably, the Dutch and Belgian air bases hosting these aircraft are also among the six NATO bases storing US-owned nuclear weapons, highlighting the strategic significance of these deployments. While details remain undisclosed, it's expected that all F-35As in the Dutch inventory will eventually be nuclear-capable, reflecting the need for operational redundancy.