China Captures US Anti-Submarine Device Deployed by US Navy's P-8A Poseidon in South China Sea

 The U.S. Navy's advanced P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft recently deployed a hydroacoustic buoy in the South China Sea, which has reportedly been retrieved by Chinese forces. This buoy, designed for submarine detection, poses significant concerns over potential reverse engineering by China, which has a history of replicating American technology.

A video posted by Yuyuan Tantian, a social media account linked to the state-run China Central Television, shows what appears to be a U.S. Navy P-8A Poseidon dropping multiple cylindrical devices into the sea. Reports suggest that one of these devices fell near the Second Thomas Shoal in the Spratly Islands, an area contested by the Philippines and China and the site of recent clashes.

Following the incident, the China Coast Guard quickly arrived to retrieve and inspect the unidentified electronic devices, according to Yuyuan Tantian. The video further shows labels on an electronic device identifying Ultra Electronics, a UK-based defense contractor, as the manufacturer. Ultra Electronics specializes in producing radars and electronic warfare products, including sonobuoys.

Sonobuoys are specialized buoys equipped with acoustic sensors designed to detect submarines. When deployed from aircraft like the P-8 Poseidon, they form a network of listening devices that monitor underwater sounds. Passive sonobuoys listen for sounds emitted by submarines, while active sonobuoys emit sound pulses and listen for echoes from objects, including submarines. These devices descend to a predetermined depth using a parachute and then activate their sensors. The data collected is transmitted back to the P-8 Poseidon via radio signals for analysis.

Reverse engineering a captured U.S. sonobuoy could reveal crucial details about American anti-submarine warfare technology. Key areas of interest include the sonobuoy's sensor technology, data processing, communication with the P-8 Poseidon, power management, and any unique software or algorithms used for signal processing and data encryption.

It's challenging to verify China's claims about capturing the sonobuoy, and the specific type of sonobuoy captured remains unknown. Common sonobuoys used by the P-8 Poseidon include the AN/SSQ-53F DIFAR, AN/SSQ-62E DICASS, AN/SSQ-101 ADAR, and the AN/SSQ-125 MAC. These devices, made by companies like Ultra Electronics, Sparton Corporation, Lockheed Martin, and ERAPSCO, provide sophisticated capabilities for detecting and tracking submarines.

Taiwan Tracks 241 Chinese Incursions in June Amid Rising Tensions and Security Breaches

 In June, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense (MND) reported tracking 241 instances of Chinese military activity, with 132 aircraft and 109 naval/coast guard vessels entering Taiwan's air and maritime zones. Between 6 a.m. on June 12 and 6 a.m. on June 13, 23 Chinese aircraft and seven naval vessels were detected near Taiwan, with 19 aircraft crossing the median line into Taiwan’s eastern and southwestern air defense identification zone (ADIZ). In response, Taiwan deployed fighters, naval ships, and coastal missile systems.

In a separate incident, a Chinese man was arrested after illegally entering Taiwanese waters on a speedboat. The man, identified as 60-year-old former Chinese navy captain Ruan, was suspected of testing Taiwan’s defenses. Despite being detected, no action was taken until the boat disrupted ferry traffic on the Tamsui River.

Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council Chairman, Kuan Bi-ling, described Ruan as “quite refined and well-presented.” Chinese authorities claimed Ruan acted independently and would be punished upon his return.

China views Taiwan as a renegade province and tensions are high. Taiwan’s Defense Minister, Wellington Koo, suggested the incident might be part of China’s “grey zone” tactics, which aim to exhaust the enemy without direct confrontation. Similar incidents have occurred, with Chinese fishing boats often expelled from Taiwan-controlled waters.

Taiwan’s Coast Guard Administration (CGA) faced criticism for failing to intercept Ruan’s boat, leading to the reprimand of about 10 officials. CGA Director-General Chang Chung-lung cited human error, not system flaws, as the cause. Radar operators initially mistook the speedboat for a Taiwanese fishing vessel.

China’s frequent incursions and the recent speedboat incident highlight the growing tension and the need for vigilant defense measures around Taiwan’s waters.

US Admiral Reveals “Hellscape” Drone Warfare Strategy to Counter China’s Taiwan Invasion Plan

 

The United States is developing a strategy to deploy a vast array of drones to counter a potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan. This plan, referred to as the "Hellscape" strategy, aims to use drones to overwhelm and distract Chinese forces, buying crucial time for US and allied forces to mount a full-scale response.

Admiral Samuel Paparo, the commander of US Indo-Pacific Command, outlined this approach at the International Institute for Strategic Studies’ Shangri-La Dialogue Summit. The strategy involves deploying thousands of unmanned submarines, surface ships, and aerial drones as soon as China’s invasion fleet begins crossing the 100-mile Taiwan Strait.

China recently conducted military drills following the inauguration of Taiwan’s new president, intensifying its calls for reunification with Taiwan. US President Joe Biden has hinted at military support for Taiwan in the event of an invasion, which could escalate into a larger US-China conflict involving Washington's regional allies. This makes it essential for the US to develop effective countermeasures against Chinese forces in the Taiwan Strait.

The "Hellscape" strategy heavily relies on autonomous systems, a tactic influenced by the recent war in Ukraine. In Ukraine, drones have been used to launch strikes on control centers, refineries, airfields, and ships, demonstrating that modern air defenses are not impenetrable. This has reshaped how militaries approach modern warfare, with a focus on cost-effective, reusable, and disposable drone technology.

General Kenneth Wilsbach, Commander of the Pacific Air Forces, initially proposed using "attritable" unmanned aircraft against China instead of high-end stealth fighters like the F-35s or F-22s. These lower-cost, disposable drones would serve as decoys, gradually wearing down Chinese defenses by creating numerous targets.

The Pentagon is actively working on this drone warfare strategy, planning to spend $1 billion on the Replicator program this fiscal year. This program aims to rapidly scale and deploy thousands of autonomous systems within the next 18 to 24 months, utilizing AI, robotics, and commercial technology. The Pentagon is also collaborating with defense partners to develop and procure these critical systems.

Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks emphasized the need to counter China’s mass with a mass of drones that are more challenging to target. The US Navy is also working on developing swarming drones, including underwater drones, to counter the numerical superiority of the Chinese PLA Navy in the Indo-Pacific region.

Admiral Paparo highlighted the strategic advantage of US unmanned capabilities, stating that these systems would amplify US advantages in the region. He noted that recent Chinese military drills appeared to be rehearsals for a Taiwan invasion, which the US observed and learned from.

In response to these developments, China has expressed dissatisfaction. The state-owned Global Times criticized the US strategy, suggesting it was a desperate attempt to maintain its dominance and incite Taiwan’s independence efforts.

China's Expanding 'Carrier Killer' Missiles: A Strategic Threat to US Naval Dominance

 In the midst of global tensions, China's military posturing towards Taiwan intensifies, paralleled by Russia's war against Ukraine. Recently, China's "Joint Sword – 2024A" exercises followed closely after Lai Ching-te's inauguration as Taiwan's President, whom Beijing labels a "separatist."

During these drills, warships patrolled near Taiwan's coast, signaling potential invasion threats that could disrupt the technology supply chain, trigger economic crises, and escalate to a US-China conflict. Beijing justified the drills as a response to Lai's assertion that Taiwan and China are "not subordinate to each other." Taiwan's defense forces tracked 49 Chinese aircraft, 19 naval ships, and 7 coast guard vessels near its waters, indicating the growing threat. Most of these ships were frigates and corvettes with lighter weapon loads.

As tensions rise, the US is preparing for potential conflict. A delegation of US lawmakers has shown support for Taiwan in response to China's extensive military drills. In April 2024, Rear Adm. Mike Studeman, a former US Navy intelligence leader, warned that China's military is preparing for an invasion or blockade of Taiwan within the next decade.

China insists that nations cannot maintain official relations with both China and Taiwan, leading Taiwan to have formal diplomatic ties with only a few countries. The US, while being Taiwan's most crucial ally, does not officially recognize Taiwan, adhering to the one-China principle.

Comparison of Naval Capabilities

As of 2024, China has the world's second-largest navy by total displacement, following the US Navy, and the largest number of active service ships. A report from the US Congressional Research Service highlights that China's navy is the largest in East Asia and surpassed the US Navy in battle force ships between 2015 and 2020. Currently, China has over 370 battle force platforms, including major surface combatants, submarines, amphibious ships, mine warfare ships, aircraft carriers, and fleet auxiliaries. By 2025, this force is projected to grow to 395 ships, reaching 435 by 2030.

China operates two aircraft carriers, the Liaoning and Shandong, with the third and most advanced, the Fujian, starting sea trials in May 2024. In contrast, the US Navy had 292 battle force ships as of January 29, 2024, with a projected fleet of 290 ships by FY2030.

In a potential naval conflict, China would need to reposition military assets to its eastern coast and prepare for an invasion, while using its anti-ship firepower to keep US warships at bay. China's arsenal of anti-ship missiles (ASMs) is central to its strategy to deny US forces access to the Western Pacific.

China’s Anti-Ship Missiles (ASM)

China has significantly expanded its anti-ship ballistic missiles (ASBMs), sometimes called "carrier killers." Key missiles in China’s arsenal include the YJ-12, YJ-18, YJ-83, DF-21, and DF-26.

YJ-83: A modern addition to China's anti-ship arsenal, deployed on surface ships and multirole aircraft. It’s a smaller, shorter-range missile typically housed in box launchers on Chinese frigates and corvettes.

YJ-18: A cruise missile for anti-ship and land-attack roles, derived from the Russian 3M-54E "Klub" missile, and the only widely deployed ASM that can be launched from vertical launch cells. It’s installed on large surface combatants and submarines.

YJ-12: Compatible with various platforms, including bombers and coastal launchers, the YJ-12 can engage warships from long distances.

DF-26: An Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) that provides high speed and long range, earning the "carrier killer" nickname. It can target beyond aircraft carriers.

DF-21D: A medium-range ballistic missile operational since 2012, designed specifically to target ships at sea, reaching speeds up to Mach 10 during the terminal phase.

China's anti-ship missile capabilities aim to deny US warships access to the region, leveraging Taiwan's proximity to offset American naval dominance.

Taiwan's Strategic Position

As tensions over Taiwan escalate, its strategic position within the "first island chain" becomes crucial. Controlling this link would bolster China's influence in the Western Pacific, challenge US dominance, and give Beijing control over Taiwan's semiconductor manufacturing industry. Given Taiwan's role in maritime trade routes and its semiconductor industry, neither the US nor its allies can afford to let Taiwan fall into Beijing's orbit.

China's Rapid Naval Expansion: Five Type 052DM Destroyers Outfitted Simultaneously

In a recent sighting at the Dalian Shipyard, keen observers captured footage of five Type 052DM destroyers being outfitted simultaneously. Experts note that while simultaneous outfitting is standard, this feat is comparable to the U.S. military’s two-year destroyer and shipbuilding plan. Remarkably, China achieves this in just one dock. These destroyers will undergo sea trials and develop combat capabilities before beginning military missions, likely by mid-next year.

The Type 052DM destroyer represents the "final form" of the 052D series, distinct from the "extended version" 052DL. The most notable upgrade in the 052DM is the replacement of the older 364 rapid response radar with an active phased array radar in the X-band. Additionally, the ship's internal electrical systems and anti-submarine sonar have been upgraded. For a destroyer with a full load displacement of 7,500 tons, such upgrades indicate its capacity for additional equipment is nearly maxed out, posing challenges for future enhancements.

Despite these limitations, the 052D destroyer boasts impressive combat capabilities. The 052D project faced significant technical challenges during the 2011 “0.55 million-ton large-scale propulsion project,” aimed at addressing external pressures. This effort led to the integration of modern equipment from the 055 destroyer with the 052C hull platform. Consequently, missiles from the 052D series can now be launched from 055 destroyers, thanks to shared main radar and vertical launch systems. For instance, the YJ-21 anti-ship missile can now be deployed from both the Type 055 and Type 052D destroyers.

Derived from the technological advancements of the 055 destroyer, the 052D's technical prowess is ranked just below the esteemed 055 on a global scale by Chinese experts, despite the U.S. Navy’s Arleigh Burke Flight III having a displacement advantage. In terms of air defense and anti-missile systems, the 052D is limited by its fewer vertical launch units, impacting its firepower sustainability. However, in other operational areas, the 052D matches the Arleigh Burke Flight III, including anti-missile defenses and ground attacks. Chinese officials have previously highlighted the 052D’s upgraded functionality, which now includes ground-attack cruise missiles.

Estimates suggest that the fleet of 052D destroyers could ultimately exceed 50 units, complementing the 055 destroyers in a "strong and weak match" strategy. The robust shipbuilding orders for the 052D are driven by its significant cost advantages, both in production and operational costs, without compromising on performance compared to international warships. Using a diesel engine for economical speeds significantly reduces costs compared to fully fuel-powered vessels.

The 052D destroyer is tasked with medium-to-high-level military missions, while missions like anti-piracy and routine cruises are typically assigned to the 054A frigates and offshore vessels, offering great mission flexibility. 

China Rapidly Constructs 10 Type 055 Destroyers in 48 Months, Equipping Each with 112 Missiles

 

In just four years, China's defense industry has impressively built and launched ten advanced Type 055 destroyers, each equipped with 112 vertical launch cells for anti-ship or anti-aircraft missiles. The first of these destroyers was launched in January 2020, with the eighth following by April 2023, averaging 2-3 destroyers per year.

This rapid production pace has not hindered the construction of other naval vessels, such as the Type 054 frigates, which are being built concurrently in shipyards in Shanghai and Guangzhou.

PLAAN's Versatile Asset

The Type 055, a class of guided missile destroyers developed for the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), is among the largest and most advanced surface combatants globally. Designed for air defense, anti-submarine warfare, and surface warfare, it is a versatile addition to the PLAN's fleet.

Technical Specifications

The Type 055 measures approximately 180 meters (590 feet) in length, 20 meters (66 feet) in beam, and has a draft of around 6.6 meters (22 feet), making it significantly larger than many contemporary destroyers. Its combined gas and gas (COGAG) propulsion system includes four QC-280 gas turbines, each generating 28 megawatts, enabling speeds up to 30 knots.

Advanced Features

The destroyer features a stealthy design with a smooth superstructure to minimize radar cross-section, an integrated mast housing various sensors and communication systems, and a hull optimized for hydrodynamic performance. It is equipped with advanced electronic systems, including the Type 346B AESA radar for air and surface search, the Type 518 L-band radar for long-range surveillance, and the H/LJG-346A sonar for anti-submarine warfare.

Extensive Armament

The Type 055's extensive armament includes a 130mm H/PJ-38 main gun, 112 vertical launch system (VLS) cells for firing HHQ-9 surface-to-air missiles, YJ-18 anti-ship missiles, and CJ-10 land-attack cruise missiles. It also features torpedo launchers, close-in weapon systems (CIWS) for point defense, and anti-submarine rockets, making it a well-rounded combat platform.

US Army to Deploy Typhon Weapon System: A Strategic Move Amid China Tensions

 

Amidst heightened tensions in the Indo-Pacific, the US Army is set to deploy a new medium-range missile launcher, aiming to counter China's military advancements. General Charles Flynn confirmed this development during a media briefing in Tokyo, emphasizing the critical need for long-range precision fire capabilities in the region.

While specific deployment details remain undisclosed, the Typhon system, capable of launching Tomahawk cruise missiles and SM-6 interceptor missiles, is speculated to be the chosen weapon system. This deployment marks a significant move, reintroducing such a system to the Indo-Pacific region since the Cold War era.

The development of the Typhon system addresses the gap in mid-range capability, with potential deployment locations including Japan or US territories in the area. However, challenges in gaining public support and Tokyo's counterstrike plans may influence deployment decisions.

Considering China's military activities and possession of numerous missiles, deploying the Typhon system could bolster deterrence against potential threats, particularly in areas near Taiwan and the disputed South China Sea.

Japan Deploys First Surface-to-Ship Missile Unit to Counter Chinese Naval Threats

 Amid escalating tensions with China, Japan has taken a significant step in enhancing its maritime defense capabilities. The country recently deployed its inaugural surface-to-ship missile unit on Okinawa Island.

Okinawa’s central location in a chain of Japanese islands extending toward Taiwan makes it strategically vital for safeguarding Japan’s interests. Additionally, Okinawa plays a crucial role in the US defense framework in the region, hosting approximately 30,000 troops across all branches of the military.

The newly established surface-to-ship missile regiment is equipped with advanced Type 12 surface-to-ship guided missiles. Developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, these missiles feature inertial guidance, GPS, and radar systems. Their current operational range spans between 200 and 400 kilometers. However, Japan has ambitious plans to extend this range to at least 1,000 kilometers by 2026.

The primary mission of this missile unit is to monitor Chinese military vessels navigating the waters between Okinawa and Miyako Island. Given China’s growing assertiveness in the region, Japan aims to maintain a vigilant watch over maritime activities.By closely tracking Chinese naval movements, Japan can respond swiftly to any potential threats and safeguard its territorial waters.

Japan’s commitment to bolstering its defense capabilities aligns with its ambitious $320 billion rearmament program, announced in 2022. The Type 12 system, introduced as a successor to the Type 88 missiles, began deployment in 2014.

Japan’s deployment of the surface-to-ship missile unit represents a proactive stance in countering potential threats and ensuring regional security. The Type 12 missiles, with their advanced technology and planned range extensions, play a crucial role in this defensive strategy.

China's Rise: Will China Overtake the US as the World's Largest Air Force? Insights from a Top Official

 A senior US military official has suggested that China's expanding military prowess may soon lead it to surpass the United States not only as the world's largest navy but also as the world's largest air force. Navy Adm. John C. Aquilino, head of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, made this revelation during recent testimony on Capitol Hill, highlighting China's ambitious military modernization endeavors and their potential global implications.

Aquilino's statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee emphasized the significant number of warplanes possessed by each country's military forces, indicating China's imminent challenge to US dominance in this regard.

According to the Pentagon's 2023 report on Chinese military power, the combined strength of the PLA Air Force and Navy exceeds 3,150 aircraft, showcasing China's remarkable growth in aerial capabilities. While the US Air Force currently boasts around 4,000 non-trainer, non-drone aircraft, China's substantial increase in production capacity, particularly in advanced fighters, suggests a trajectory toward surpassing the US in air force capabilities.

However, the US Air Force faces its own challenges, including maintaining size amidst evolving threats, notably from China. Current strategies prioritize reducing airpower capacity to invest in more advanced systems for the future. This approach aims to retire outdated aircraft and procure next-generation ones, enhancing overall capability.

Nevertheless, the US Air Force's reliance on uncertain funding for future developments raises concerns about its sustainability and ability to maintain numerical superiority over China. Despite China's advancements in military aviation, perceived technological gaps exist compared to advanced US aircraft.

China's strategy involves leveraging regional missile capabilities to neutralize major US military bases, potentially undermining the deployment of advanced US warplanes. This poses challenges, particularly in conflicts over Taiwan, where the presence of fifth-generation warplanes is crucial.

Ultimately, while China's ascent in military aviation is notable, the US maintains qualitative superiority, particularly in advanced weaponry and naval capabilities. However, China's strategic advancements underscore the evolving dynamics of global power and the need for continued vigilance and adaptation in US defense strategies.