US and Pakistan Conclude Successful Falcon Talon 2024 Exercise Amid Shifting Regional Alliances

 The US Air Force Central Command (AFCENT) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) recently completed Falcon Talon 2024, a bilateral exercise held from June 1 to June 11. Hosted annually by the PAF, this event aims to strengthen the critical relationship between the two countries. On June 25, the US Air Force shared details and images of the exercise, emphasizing its focus on tactical counter-terrorism, air-to-ground weapons employment, and expert exchanges.

Airmen from the US Central Command's area were deployed to Pakistan, with personnel and cargo transported by the Air Mobility Command’s C-17 Globemaster III aircraft. The exercise featured the participation of US Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcons from Aviano Air Base’s 510th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, alongside the PAF’s F-16s and JF-17 Thunder jets.

Photos revealed US and Pakistani aircraft parked at an undisclosed location in Pakistan during the exercise on June 6, 2024. The event underscored the importance of the US-Pakistan relationship and the mutual goal of regional security. According to the US Air Force, Falcon Talon 2024 focused on tactical execution, logistics support, and planning integration.

US Airmen collaborated closely with their Pakistani counterparts, participating in hands-on training and knowledge exchange in areas such as firefighting, explosive ordnance disposal, medical support, and joint terminal attack control. Airmen from the 378th Expeditionary Civil Engineer Squadron Fire Department worked with the Pakistan Air Force Fire Department on various drills and policy creation exercises. The exercise concluded with a friendly firefighter competition to test the newly acquired skills.

Master Sgt. Jonathan Campos of the US Air Force highlighted the positive impact of these exchanges, noting the strong personal relationships and sense of community developed through such activities. Lt. Col. Nicholas Gardner, Chief of Operations for Falcon Talon 2024, emphasized the enduring partnership between the US and Pakistan, critical for regional security since their mutual defense agreement in 1954.

Despite the historical partnership, recent US administrations have deprioritized relations with Pakistan. The Trump administration halted military cooperation, and under the Biden administration, relations have further declined, particularly following the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. In contrast, the US has strengthened its defense ties with India to counter China's influence and isolate Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.

In April 2023, B-1B Lancers from Ellsworth Air Force Base participated in Cope India 2023 for the first time, and in May 2024, the Indian Air Force's Rafale jets participated in the US multinational exercise Red Flag 24 in Alaska. India has also emerged as a strategic partner, receiving advanced technology and military equipment, with further collaborations planned in the space domain under the US-India initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET).

JF-17 Outshines LCA Tejas in Export Market: India and Pakistan Unveil Advanced Fighter Jets

 The skies over the Indian subcontinent are heating up as India and Pakistan introduce their latest supersonic fighter jets, the Tejas Mk 1A and the JF-17 Block III, both competing for regional air supremacy and a share in the global market for cost-effective combat jets.

India and Pakistan's New Fighter Jets

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is set to receive the upgraded Tejas Mk 1A by July, while the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) recently incorporated the JF-17 Block III in December 2023. These aircraft represent advanced iterations of their predecessors and are designed for a variety of military missions.

Production and Evolution

The Tejas, developed by India’s Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), and the JF-17, a product of the Sino-Pakistani partnership between the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) and China’s Chengdu Aircraft Industry Complex (CAC), are both classified as 4.5-generation aircraft, with the JF-17 Block III described as “fourth-generation plus.”

Budget-Friendly Powerhouses

Both the Tejas Mk 1A and the JF-17 Block III are single-engine, lightweight, multirole fighters designed to replace aging fleets—India’s MiG-21 and Pakistan’s assortment of Chinese and French jets. The Tejas Mk 1A completed its first test flight on March 28, 2024, while the JF-17 Block III had its inaugural flight on December 15, 2019.

Specifications and Features

The Tejas Mk 1A boasts advanced technology, including new electronics, processors, and fly-by-wire hardware, with approximately nine hard points for various weaponry. The JF-17 Block III features superior maneuverability, extended range, advanced electronics, and the NRIET/CETC KLJ-7A AESA radar.

Cost and Export Potential

The Tejas Mk 1A development has a reported budget of $5.9 billion, while the JF-17 Block III costs around $55 million per unit, as indicated by Iraq’s interest in purchasing 12 units for $664 million. The JF-17 has been exported to countries like Nigeria and Myanmar, with potential deals with Azerbaijan and Iraq. Meanwhile, despite negotiations with Malaysia and Argentina, the Tejas has yet to secure export orders.

Future Developments

The PAF plans to develop the JF-17 PFX, continuing the evolution of the JF-17 series. India aims to expedite the delivery of the Tejas Mk 1A to pave the way for the LCA Mk 2, featuring more capable engines and extended flight duration. The first squadron of Tejas Mk 1A is planned for deployment at the Nal air base in Rajasthan’s Bikaner district.

As these advanced fighter jets take to the skies, the rivalry between India and Pakistan intensifies, setting the stage for an electrifying aerial showdown.

Argentina Mulls Formal Inspection of Chinese 'Space Station' Amid Growing Tensions

 Argentina's stance on its relationship with China is increasingly evident, with plans underway for a formal inspection of a Chinese "space station" situated on Argentine soil. The station, established in 2014 under an agreement with the previous administration, has raised concerns and triggered suspicions within the US government.

The Argentine government is considering a thorough inspection to evaluate potential irregularities associated with the base and ensure compliance with contractual obligations. This move coincides with Argentina's recent procurement of surplus F-16 fighter jets from Denmark, signaling a shift towards alignment with Western powers under President Javier Milei's leadership.

While China claims the station is for peaceful space exploration, concerns persist about its military implications and the lack of Argentine oversight. US officials have expressed skepticism, highlighting the need for transparency regarding China's activities at the base.

Despite past defenses of the station by Argentine administrations, questions remain about its operational control and the extent of Chinese military involvement. While some experts suggest US concerns may be overstated, the inspection reflects Argentina's efforts to assert control over its territory amid geopolitical tensions.

Argentina Secures Deal to Purchase Surplus F-16 Jets from Denmark

 Argentina has finalized an agreement to acquire 24 surplus F-16 fighter jets from Denmark as part of the latter's transition to newer F-35 aircraft. The deal was sealed during a signing ceremony in Buenos Aires, where Argentine Defense Minister Luis Petri and his Danish counterpart Troels Lund Poulsen inked a letter of intent.

Denmark's decision to sell its F-16 jets to Argentina follows its donation of 19 such jets to Ukraine. The transaction, described as a "possible sale," has been conducted with close coordination with the American government, which has approved the transfer of these US-produced aircraft.

Sources within the Argentine military, speaking on condition of anonymity, revealed that Argentina will pay approximately $320 million for the acquisition. Financing for the deal will involve loans from banks and the United States. Additionally, the agreement encompasses not only the aircraft but also includes weapon systems and other equipment from US manufacturers, with Denmark providing simulators and spare parts.

The final contract is expected to be signed by the end of April in Copenhagen. The US Defense Security Cooperation Agency will oversee the transfer of weapon systems, including AIM-120 missiles, through the Foreign Military Sales program. Meanwhile, Denmark's Acquisition and Logistics Organisation will manage the transfer of surplus F-16s, while Argentina's military logistics directorate will supervise the procurement process.

Negotiations for this deal began under Argentina's previous government, exploring the possibility of procuring JF-17 fighter jets manufactured jointly by China and Pakistan. However, concerns about potential implications for US military relations led to the rejection of the JF-17 acquisition, paving the way for the purchase of F-16s from Denmark.

Pakistan Unveils Advanced Aircraft and Rocket Programs at Military Technology Parade

 During the March 23 Pakistan Day Parade held in the capital, Pakistan's military proudly exhibited its latest defense capabilities, unveiling a series of cutting-edge aircraft and rocket projects. Among the showcased equipment was the Haider platform, representing the first locally produced VT-4 main battle tank, which made its debut appearance. This tank, part of the pilot production batch unveiled earlier in March by the state-owned armored fighting vehicles manufacturer Heavy Industries Taxila, marks a significant milestone in Pakistan's defense manufacturing capabilities.

Moreover, Pakistan showcased the long-range HQ-9/P surface-to-air missile system, making its inaugural appearance. This missile system, supplied by China and entering service in 2021, boasts a range of 125 kilometers, adding a formidable layer to Pakistan's air defense architecture. The parade also featured the unveiling of Pakistan's indigenous Fatah 2 guided multiple-launch rocket system and the medium-range Ababeel ballistic missile, both showcasing the nation's prowess in missile technology.

The display of these advanced military assets underscores Pakistan's commitment to enhancing its defense capabilities and modernizing its armed forces. The decision to unveil these projects during the Pakistan Day Parade highlights the significance of these advancements in bolstering Pakistan's security posture.

Furthermore, Pakistan has announced ambitious new defense programs, including the PFX Program aimed at replacing the JF-17 combat aircraft. Additionally, the Fatah 3, with a range of 450 kilometers, is set to enter service soon, while the Fatah 4, boasting a range of 700 kilometers, is currently under development. These programs signify Pakistan's determination to stay at the forefront of military technology and maintain a robust defense posture.

Experts have noted the strategic implications of these developments, with the HQ-9/P missile system offering shorter effective ranges but superior sensor performance compared to its Russian counterparts. The introduction of these advanced missile systems and aircraft programs reflects Pakistan's commitment to deterring potential threats and ensuring national security.

Moreover, the unveiling of the Ababeel ballistic missile, alongside future developments, underscores Pakistan's efforts to enhance its nuclear deterrence capabilities. This display serves as a clear message of Pakistan's resolve to maintain a credible and dynamic full-spectrum deterrent.

Looking ahead, Pakistan's PFX Program aims to develop a next-generation fighter aircraft, signaling the nation's aspirations for technological advancement in the aerospace domain. While details about the PFX Program remain scarce, experts anticipate cooperation with international partners such as Turkey and China to leverage their expertise and resources.

In conclusion, Pakistan's unveiling of advanced aircraft and rocket programs at the Pakistan Day Parade showcases the nation's commitment to modernizing its defense capabilities and ensuring its readiness to counter emerging threats. These developments mark significant strides in Pakistan's defense industry and underscore its resolve to safeguard its sovereignty and national interests.

China's Strategic Moves in Latin America: Tank Offer to Colombia Raises Eyebrows

 Recent reports reveal China's attempt to extend its influence in Latin America by promoting its Main Battle Tank-3000 VT-4 to Colombia, a long-time ally of the United States. This move comes after the U.S. dissuaded Argentina from acquiring Chinese-made JF-17 fighter jets. As China seeks a stronger foothold in the region, the question looms: Will Colombia, one of the oldest U.S. allies, embrace China's military offerings?

In the aftermath of the pandemic, Colombia, feeling the absence of the U.S., became increasingly dependent on Chinese support, both financially and in terms of contractors for local job creation. China's prompt vaccine assistance during COVID-19 earned President Xi Jinping an invitation to address the Colombian people. This paved the way for an upgraded strategic partnership between China and Colombia in 2023.

China North Industries Corporation (Norinco), a major player in the Chinese defense industry, has presented a "bold proposal" to Colombia, offering its Main Battle Tank-3000 VT-4. This proposition is considered a significant milestone in military relations between the two nations and has the potential to reshape the dynamics of military power in the region.

Colombia has expressed interest in enhancing its armored capabilities, intending to create an armored brigade in the La Guajira region and replace its aging fleet of Brazilian armored vehicles. Norinco's live demonstration showcased a variety of military vehicles, including the VT-4, emphasizing its capabilities. The VT-4, a third-generation tank, is based on the Soviet-era T-72 tanks, designed for export with a focus on cost-effectiveness.

If the deal materializes, it could mark a significant turning point in the modernization of Colombia's armed forces, providing them with enhanced deterrent and combat capabilities. This move aligns with China's broader strategy to expand its influence in Latin America, as seen in its growing ties with other countries in the region.

While defense ties between Bogota and Beijing have been gradually strengthening, China has previously donated small military equipment to Colombia. By upgrading to a strategic partnership, China now enjoys strategic ties with ten out of the eleven Latin American countries, with Guyana being the exception.

China's recent pitch to Colombia follows its aggressive marketing of the JF-17 'Thunder' to Argentina. The U.S. State Department responded by offering F-16 fighters, signaling direct competition between Washington and Beijing for influence in the region. Argentina's approval to purchase 38 F-16 fighters, considered a geopolitical move, adds complexity to the U.S.-China rivalry in Latin America.

As China endeavors to expand its influence in Latin America, its military offerings to Colombia and the recent competition with the U.S. in Argentina underscore the evolving dynamics in the region. The decisions made by Colombia and other nations in response to these proposals will undoubtedly shape the geopolitical landscape in Latin America, setting the stage for continued strategic competition between China and the United States.

Turkey's Fighter Jet Dilemma: Could JF-17 Block 3 be the Solution

 In the ever-evolving landscape of geopolitical tensions and defense strategies, Turkey finds itself at a crossroads in its pursuit of advanced fighter jets. Facing denials of F-16s from the United States and Eurofighter Typhoons from Germany, Turkey is now rumored to be considering the China-Pakistan co-developed JF-17 Block 3 as a potential alternative. This shift coincides with recent fighter jet acquisitions by its regional rival, Greece, further intensifying the complex dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Turkey's quest for F-16s from the United States and Eurofighter Typhoons from Germany has encountered diplomatic hurdles, contributing to the nation's exploration of alternative options. Germany's reluctance to fulfill Turkey's request and the United States' denial of F-16s have left Ankara seeking other partners to meet its defense needs.

On the other side of the Aegean, Greece has been actively fortifying its air force capabilities. Recent acquisitions of F-16V Viper fighter jets from the United States and Dassault Rafale jets from France underscore Greece's commitment to modernizing its air fleet. The addition of these advanced aircraft enhances Greece's military posture and introduces cutting-edge technology to its arsenal.

Turkey, in response to Greece's strategic advancements, is exploring alternatives beyond traditional Western alliances. The potential consideration of the JF-17 Block 3 represents a departure from the established norms, signaling a willingness to diversify defense partnerships and explore options beyond the denied acquisitions.

The JF-17 Block 3, a collaborative effort between China and Pakistan, presents a cost-effective solution for Turkey, equipped with advanced avionics and weaponry. While not directly comparable to Western counterparts, the Block 3 variant is gaining attention for its capabilities, particularly in the context of Turkey's denied acquisitions and Greece's bolstered air force.

Turkey's potential shift towards the JF-17 Block 3 adds a layer of complexity to the geopolitical dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean. As Turkey seeks alternative defense partners, the move may impact regional power balances and influence diplomatic relationships.

In addition to the JF-17 Block 3, Turkey has other noteworthy alternatives on its radar. The Russian-made Su-57 and Su-35, along with the Chinese J-10C, emerge as potential choices for Ankara. This consideration adds an intriguing dimension to the geopolitical landscape, as operating Russian or Chinese jets would mark a departure for a NATO member. It is worth noting that Turkey already operates the Russian S-400 Air Defense System, a move that led to its expulsion from the F-35 program.

Pakistan Air Force Jet Crashes; Pilot Killed

ISLAMABAD - A Pakistani air force jet crashed during a training flight on Nov. 14 in northern Pakistan, killing the pilot, the air force said.
The crash took place near the garrison town of Attock, 40 miles northwest of Islamabad.

The jet "crashed due to technical malfunction near Attock. The pilot was fatally injured," an air force statement said, not specifying the type of aircraft.
No loss of civilian life or property was reported on the ground, it said, adding that an inquiry had been ordered to determine the cause of the crash.
Pakistan's air force has a fleet of Chinese aircraft, including F-7PGs and A-5s, plus U.S.-built F-16s and French Mirages. It recently acquired medium-tech JF-17 or Thunder jets, manufactured jointly by China and Pakistan.

Dubai Airshow:JF 17 to make Gulf Debut

PARIS - Pakistan is looking to steal the thunder with its JF-17 fighter jet, due to fly at the Dubai Airshow, opening Nov. 13.
The JF-17 Thunder, a single-engine, multirole combat aircraft, is co-developed by Pakistan Aeronautical Complex and China, where it is dubbed the FC-1 Fierce Dragon.
With a price tag of $20 million to $25 million per unit, the JF-17 is a low-cost plane poles away from Western-built fighters such as the F-15, F-16, F/A-18 and Rafale, also to be displayed.
Dubai will be the JF-17's fourth air show, after a static display at Farnborough, and flights at the Izmir show in Turkey and Zhuhai in China.
Pakistan also is showing off its Super Mushshak basic trainer, flown by the Saudi and Pakistan air forces, and its Karakoram-8 light trainer jet.
Alenia will field its M346 trainer jet, which previously won a UAE competition for a lead-in fighter trainer only to see the deal called off and a new tender set.
The U.S. is fielding the V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft alongside the conventional AH-64 Apache Longbow attack helicopter.
In the expanding market for spy planes, L-3 Communications will display its modified King Air 350ER turboprop, pitched at foreign clients as an intelligence, surveillance and recon asset.
At the large end of the spectrum, a Boeing 737 airborne early warning and control system plane from the Turkish Air Force will be at the show.
Dubai will host the 12th edition of the air show, which has booked up to 1,000 exhibitors from 50 countries, a 12 percent increase over 2009, the organizers said. More than 55,000 trade visitors are expected.

Chinese Troops Join Pakistan Exercise

NEW DELHI - The Pakistan Army has included Chinese troops for the first time in exercises that were conducted along the border with the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan, Indian Defence Ministry sources said.

The 101 Engineering Regiment of China's People's Liberation Army is taking part in the exercises, the sources added. No Defence Ministry official has publicly commented on the exercises, but Indian Army officials privately have expressed great concern.

Indian military strategy calls for the capability to fight Pakistan and China simultaneously. While Indian defense officials admit India will spend $100 billion in the next 10 years on weapons and equipment, military analysts here say that figure could well reach $150 billion, given plans to prepare for both Pakistan and China.
New Delhi claims China has been helping Pakistan build its nuclear arsenal along with delivery systems. Pakistan buys a variety of weapons, aircraft and equipment from China, including airborne warning aircraft, fighter jets and precision-guided munitions.
Recent sales of Chinese conventional weapons to Pakistan include JF-17 fighters along with production facilities, F-22P frigates with helicopters, K-8 trainer jets, T-85 tanks, F-7 aircraft, small arms and ammunition. Pakistan also is seeking to buy 36 Chinese-made J-10 fighters.
Pakistan also has sought Chinese help to build nuclear-capable missiles near Rawalpindi, Indian Defence Ministry sources said.

China’s J-10B fighter for Pakistan worries Indian air force

The recent official offer of the Chinese to raise a squadron of its home-grown advanced multi-role, all-weather fighter aircraft J-10B to Pakistan has worried Indian defence experts. 

Pakistan will be the only other country apart from China to have this sophisticated fighter aircraft.

Air Commodore (Retd) Jasjit Singh, director, New Delhi-based Centre for Air Power Studies (CAPS), told DNA: “India now not only faces the possibility of a two-front war but has to also deal with a two-front military modernisation programme with China supplying its latest weaponry to Pakistan.”

He said India faces a 10-year window of vulnerability as the Indian Air Force’s (IAF’s) present squadron of 34 is way below the sanctioned strength of 39 squadrons. “It will take 10 years for the IAF to get back to its sanctioned strength of 39 squadrons. While Pakistan at present, with 24 squadrons, is raising its strength rapidly with China’s support,” said Singh, who is also the former director of Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis.

Former Vice Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal PK Barbora, however, said China’s offering Pakistan a squadron of the J-10s may not threaten India’s air superiority. “China does not have a great record of producing a world-class aircraft. All they do is reverse engineer and manufacture aircraft. Secondly, by raising just one squadron Pakistan may not benefit much,”he said.

However, Pakistani media reports indicate that it is looking at raising two squadrons of the fourth generation aircraft to counter India’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas, which is still under development. Besides, according to US military and defence technology news website, Defense Update, the Chinese designed Joint Fighter (JF)-17 (commonly known as ‘Thunder’) is already under production in Pakistan and is actively being promoted for export in the world market.

Despite his optimism, Air Marshal Barbora warned that the slow pace of India’s defence indigenisation (read LCA Tejas, in particular) is a cause for worry. “We will be adding 300 more Su-30 MKIs; getting 126 medium multi role combat aircraft; and upgrading the Mirage 2000s, Jaguars and the MiG-29s. The same cannot be said of some pathetic status of indigenous programmes like the Light Combat Aircraft, which has been delayed for years now,” he says.

US Defense Department awards $42.3m contract for Pakistan F-16 upgrades

The US Defense Department has awarded Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company a $42.3 million contract to provide 10 additional upgrade kits for Pakistan’s F-16 aircrafts.

 
The contract has been awarded under the Foreign Military Sales programme.
Lockheed Martin will provide upgradation kits for the Pakistan F-16 A/B Block 15 Aircraft Enhanced Modernisation Programme.
Furthermore, the package includes 18 panel “simuspheres“, logistic support up to 21 months of which 12 months on-site and nine months on-call support will be provided.
Various related hardware and software systems are also included.
However, Pakistan had earlier ordered 50 JF-17 jets from China — Pakistan’s largest aircraft provider — which are due to be delivered in six months, said a statement from the Defense Ministry of Pakistan.
Earlier, in June 2010, US delivered the first batch of Block-52 F-16 Fighting Falcon jets to Pakistan.
Pakistan paid $1.4 billion for the jets and an additional $1.3 billion for the up gradation of its previous fleet of the fighter jets.
Back in Musharraf’s government, in January 2008, former US president George W. Bush scrapped nearly a $500 million deal to supply 18 F-16 jets built by Lockheed Martin Co. to Pakistan.

China Officially Offers Pakistan J-10 Variant

ISLAMABAD - China for the first time officially offered Pakistan a variant of its most advanced frontline fighter, the Chengdu J-10 Vigorous Dragon/F-10 Vanguard.

Official Pakistani interest in the fighter dates back to February 2006, when then-Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf toured the J-10 production facilities on a trip to China. Pakistani government approval for the purchase of 36 FC-20s, a Pakistani-specific variant, was given in April 2006. Service entry was slated for the middle of the decade.

Citing defense sources, the offer was reported in the Urdu press here over the weekend. The offer was made during the recent visit to China by Lt. Gen. Waheed Arshad, the Pakistani Army chief of General Staff.

Precise details of the deal are not yet known. However, Usman Shabbir of the Pakistan Military Consortium think tank, said "the initial deal will be for at least two squadrons [at least 32 aircraft] and will be financed by China via a soft, long-term loan."

Analyst Kaiser Tufail said the J-10's operational autonomy would be far greater than that provided by the U.S.-built F-16C.

"It has to be remembered that India refused to consider the F-16C/D and F-18E/F, as they wanted a freer hand in operability aspects as well as technology transfer, which the U.S. was unwilling to provide," Tufail said.

With the J-10, Pakistan would "be able to operate it in an environment not constrained by security restrictions," and could base the aircraft wherever desired, Tufail said. He also said the lack of technology-transfer restrictions from the original equipment manufacturer is a factor.

"The J-10 will provide F-16-class capabilities for Pakistan but without the cost and political encumbrances of U.S.-sourced aircraft," Carlo Kopp of the Air Power Australia think tank said.

"What a J-10 would provide is quantity over any U.S.- or EU-sourced product," Kopp said, though he is still uncertain whether China will supply "pre-loved J-10A…or new-build J-10A or J-10B airframes."

Shabbir said the broader Sino-Pakistani combat aircraft relationship has eroded Western influence over Pakistan, though he remains concerned about the implications Pakistan's fragile economy has for its defense capabilities.

"The availability of J-10 and JF-17 from the Chinese means that Pakistan is now not that reliant on the U.S. and Europe for its aircraft requirements, and this of course will erode U.S influence over Pakistan in the long term," he said.

The Pakistani Air Force is the largest operator of U.S supplied weapons in South Asia and therefore most vulnerable to sanctions

Chinese Avionics Advances Ripple Throughout Asia

ISLAMABAD - China's avionics industry is closing the gap with other avionics producers, with benefits flowing to Pakistan and new challenges emerging for the U.S.

Chinese aircraft are helping Pakistan maintain conventional deterrence toward India as New Delhi pursues cutting-edge technology to revamp its airpower. As a result, said Usman Shabbir, of the Pakistan Military Consortium think tank, the new "JF-17 Block II [combat aircraft] may see a Chinese AESA [active electronically scanned array] radar along with an IRST [infrared search and track] sensor, and an even better ECM [electronic countermeasures] suite."

Wider advances by China's aviation industry would result in "greater use of composites to reduce the overall airframe weight" for the JF-17 Block II, and also a thrust vectoring control engine; though Shabbir conceded the latter "has never been officially confirmed."

Analyst Kaiser Tufail said an AESA radar is "the way to go," and that "all future [radar] acquisitions or retrofits would be AESA, whether mechanically scanned or phased-array type."

Tufail said the current JF-17 radar, a variant of which is fitted to the Chinese Chengdu J-10 combat jet, is an interim solution "because the [Pakistan Air Force] had been unable to find a radar vendor who could sell cutting-edge technology at an affordable price."

Tufail said Pakistan's acquisition of advanced Chinese avionics should not be seen through the prism of Indian programs, such as the Medium Multirole Combat Aircraft program. Rather, he said, it should be seen as Pakistan's effort to keep pace with modern weaponry.

And China benefits from its collaboration with Pakistan.

"Traditionally, the Chinese aviation industry has found an excellent test bed in the PAF, and their products have been, and can be, proven in ways that are not possible with [China's Air Force], due to limitations of comparative analysis in truly operational scenarios and with respect to Western equipment that PAF operates," he said.

As a result, a "Chinese AESA radar would, therefore, be a synergetic success in partnership with Pakistan," he said.

However, it is unknown whether the new JF-17 Block II radars are variants of those fitted to the improved J-10B. If that is the case, analyst and Chinese specialist Andrei Chang said the new radar is unlikely to be an AESA type.

"The phased-array radar testing on the J-10B is a passive model," he said.

Chang said he does not think the Chinese have developed "a useful AESA radar for the JF-17 and J-10B," but they could in the future.

"I know they are researching AESA radars, but it takes time," he said.

China's technological advances give potential adversaries cause for concern, Tufail said.

"As in many other fields like space and information technology, China is making a mark in major ways which impacts geostrategic and security issues," he said. "Technological developments like AESA radars would, thus, certainly have a bearing on the comfort levels of countries that have an adversarial relationship with China."

The potential threat posed by Chinese advances in avionics is an issue Carlo Kopp of the Air Power Australia think tank has tried to raise.

"Chinese technology is a mix of reverse-engineered Western and Russian designs, and some often very good indigenous ideas," he said. The danger this poses is clear.

"As the Chinese advance and proliferate these products, they are increasingly narrowing the range of environments in which Western air forces and navies can operate," Kopp said.

CHINESE DEFENSES

"Today, only the U.S. F-22A [stealth fighter] and B-2A [stealth bomber] can penetrate Chinese airspace with impunity," he said. "All other Western designs, including the intended F-35 [Joint Strike Fighter] and existing F/A-18E, would suffer prohibitive loss rates" to surface-to-air missiles, he said.

Kopp's opinion of the F-35 is perhaps surprising, but he said he believes China's investment in more maneuverable aircraft will expose severe weaknesses.

"The notion that having a good AESA [radar] can overcome kinematic performance limitations in a design is predicated on the idea that your missiles are 100 percent effective in long-range combat," he said. "The evidence shows otherwise for the AIM-120 AMRAAM."

The approach that says "let the missiles do the turning," rather than the aircraft, "is a mantra in the F-35 and F/A-18 camps," Kopp said. "Unfortunately, it is wishful thinking by folks promoting obsolete designs. The mathematics and physics of aerial combat do not support this proposition."

Therefore, the strategic impact of China's advances will be substantial and exacerbated by poor long-term decision-making by the U.S., Kopp said.

"As China wholly recapitalizes its fleets, and exports these products, there will be an inevitable strategic impact, as the U.S. has been reluctant to export the F-22, has chopped F-22 production funds, and has no new products in the pipeline capable of robustly surviving against top-end Chinese products in combat," he said.

Kopp also blames the reluctance by Washington to share high-technology weaponry with allies that could check China's advance.

He singles out Defense Secretary Robert Gates for making decisions that will produce "a dangerous long-term strategic environment in Asia as China introduces and proliferates advanced technology, and the U.S. chooses for ideological reasons to no longer invest in advanced air power."

Pakistan Asks China to Build Naval Base in Nation

ISLAMABAD - Pakistan wants China to build a naval base at a deep-sea port in southwestern Baluchistan province, its defense minister said May 22, while also inferring that Washington was a fair-weather friend.

Ahmad Mukhtar, who accompanied Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani during a recent visit to China, said the request was made during the trip, when Pakistan thanked Beijing for constructing Gwader Port, on the Arabian Sea.

"However, we would be more grateful to the Chinese government if a naval base was being constructed at the site of Gwader for Pakistan," Mukhtar said in a statement.
The deep-sea port was around 75 percent financed by China, which Pakistan has been trying to draw in as a strategic partner, especially since the discovery and U.S. killing on May 2 of Osama bin Laden north of Islamabad.
The commando raid rattled U.S.-Pakistan relations, with American politicians angered at how the al-Qaida leader had managed to conceal that he was living barely two hours from the Pakistani capital.
Gilani and his Chinese counterpart Wen Jiabao have both made a point of lauding mutual ties, just as Pakistan finds itself under pressure about whether its security services knew where bin Laden was.
"China is an all-weather friend and the closest ally of Pakistan, and it could be judged from the fact that in whichever sectors Pakistan requested assistance during PM's recent visit to China, they immediately agreed with Pakistan," the defense minister's statement said.
India, however, has voiced "serious concern" about defense ties between China and Pakistan and said it would need to bolster its own military capabilities in response.
New Delhi's comments follow reports that China plans to accelerate supply of 50 new JF-17 Thunder multi-role combat jets to Pakistan.
Pakistan also last week opened a nuclear power plant in central Punjab province with Chinese help and said Beijing had been contracted to construct two more reactors.

India Worried By Growing China-Pakistan Ties

NEW DELHI - India views with "serious concern" growing defense ties between China and Pakistan, and says it will have to bolster its own military capabilities to meet the challenge.
"It is a matter of serious concern for us. The main thing is we have to increase our capability - that is the only answer," Defence Minister A.K. Antony told reporters in New Delhi on May 20.

The comments followed reports China plans to accelerate supply of 50 new JF-17 Thunder multi-role combat jets to Pakistan under a co-production pact.
Antony added safe havens for militants in Pakistan is another "main concern" for New Delhi and told Islamabad to "disband and destroy" all guerrilla outfits if it "sincerely" wants to improve relations with India.
The killing by U.S. commandos of Osama bin Laden, who was hiding out near the Pakistani capital Islamabad, has "internationally stamped the nation's position as the core of terrorist activities in the South Asian region," he said.
India has long accused Pakistan of providing shelter and support to militant groups planning attacks on Indian soil and has pushed the global community - the United States in particular - to censure Pakistan.
Nuclear-armed India and Pakistan have fought three wars since attaining independence in 1947, two of them over the disputed territory of Kashmir.
Antony declined to comment on remarks by senior Indian military leaders that India has the capability to launch a strike like the one the U.S. carried out in Pakistan to kill bin Laden.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has said India would not undertake such a strike.
But a leaked diplomatic cable published earlier in the week quoted India's home minister as saying in 2009 that India would have to respond to another attack on its soil by Pakistan-based militants.
Discussing the prospect of another raid after the Mumbai 2008 assault which killed 166 people, home minister P. Chidambaram said, "The people of India will expect us to respond," according to the WikiLeaks website.
Antony added that India may sign a contract to buy 126 fighter jets for its air force by the end of March 2012.
"This fiscal [year] ends on March 31, 2012. The deal can happen before that," Antony said.
Last month, India short-listed France's Dassault Aviation SA and European consortium Eurofighter GmbH for the contract. The deal, estimated at $10 billion, is considered the biggest of its kind globally in the past 15 years.
India has allocated 1.64 trillion rupees ($3.6 trillion) for the defense sector in the fiscal year through March, up from 1.47 trillion last year.
The budget is nearly double the 890 billion rupees in the 2006-07 year.