China Developing Land-Based Variant of FC-31/J-35 Stealth Fighter for Potential Exports

 

China is reportedly progressing on a land-based version of its FC-31/J-35 stealth fighter, originally designed for naval operations. Recent images reveal significant design differences from the carrier-based J-35, suggesting an expansion of the program to include ground-based applications.

Shared by Chinese aviation researcher @Rupprecht_A on May 29, the photos have drawn considerable attention. The new variant signifies a return to the program’s initial land-based focus before it shifted towards carrier operations.

The manufacturer, Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, appears to be working on both land-based and carrier-based versions. The J-31 prototype, distinct from the J-35, has a smaller wing surface area, different landing gear configuration, and lacks a catapult launch bar.

Speculation surrounds the motivation for this development, with analysts suggesting reasons ranging from domestic military needs to foreign export opportunities. In January 2024, Pakistan expressed interest in acquiring FC-31 jets, potentially driving further refinement of the design.

Despite the renewed focus on the land-based variant, the FC-31/J-35 continues to be significant for China’s aircraft carrier program. The J-35, with its enhanced features for naval operations, is expected to be deployed on future CATOBAR carriers, while also potentially serving on existing carriers.

This development could attract interest from countries outside the US sphere of influence, thanks to the aircraft’s cost-effectiveness, stealth capabilities, and ability to boost military power.

Russia Tests New Ground Robots and Drones to Overcome 'Dragon's Teeth' Obstacles

 Russia's High-Precision Complexes holding has introduced the Depesha and Buggy, versatile robotic systems designed to eliminate enemy personnel, equipment, and fortifications known as “dragon’s teeth.” These innovations aim to facilitate the passage of armored vehicles, according to a recent press release by Rostec, the Russian state arms holding company.

The Depesha robot, built on a tracked platform, can carry up to 150 kg and is controlled via a joystick and FPV helmet. The Buggy, operating on a wheeled platform, handles up to 250 kg and is maneuvered using a joystick and tablet. Both robots are designed for rapid delivery of supplies, ammunition, and fuel to the frontline, evacuation of wounded soldiers, and terrain mining operations. Currently, these ground robots are undergoing rigorous testing, including trials in the Special Military Operations (SVO) zone, as reported by Rostec.

In addition to these ground robots, the Kalashnikov Concern has introduced advanced UAVs to the Russian Ministry of Defense, including the Karakurt and SKAT 350M drones, and the Kvazimachta lifting system. The Karakurt is a reconnaissance microcopter providing real-time aerial imaging, while the SKAT 350M conducts round-the-clock air reconnaissance in both optical and infrared ranges. The Kvazimachta system supports high-speed communication with ground data stations and can operate in radio silence mode for at least 24 hours.

These technological advancements align with Russia's broader strategy for the development of unmanned aviation, aiming for completion by 2030. This plan, initiated in June 2023, seeks to increase the demand for Russian unmanned aircraft systems. President Vladimir Putin emphasized the need to enhance drone capabilities during a Defense Ministry meeting in December.

Earlier reports revealed that Russia’s Ministry of Defense has trained 3,500 FPV drone operators, with plans to train an additional 1,700 operators for various other UAVs. Supported by over 800 educational institutions, more than 1,500 new training positions have been established to expand this initiative, underscoring Russia’s commitment to bolstering its military capabilities through advanced drone and robotic technology.

Turkey Advances Design of KAAN Fighter Jet's New AESA Nose Radar

 

Turkey has entered the critical design phase for the Aselsan Murad-600A AESA radar for its KAAN fighter jet, according to SavunmaSanayiST.com. This advanced radar system, developed by Aselsan, has successfully completed its preliminary design period.

The Murad-600A AESA radar, a flagship product of Aselsan, represents a significant advancement in radar technology. Unlike traditional radars that use a single antenna for transmitting and receiving signals, AESA radars utilize an array of small, solid-state transmit/receive modules. This allows the radar to steer its beam electronically, offering faster target acquisition, improved resolution, and enhanced resistance to electronic countermeasures.

The Murad-600A is capable of performing multiple functions simultaneously, including air surveillance, target tracking, and electronic warfare. Its design emphasizes scalability and modularity, making it suitable for integration into various platforms, such as fighter jets, UAVs, naval vessels, and ground-based air defense systems.

With high-frequency operation, the Murad-600A ensures superior detection range and accuracy. Its advanced signal processing algorithms enhance its ability to track low-observable (stealth) targets, a crucial feature in modern warfare.

The development of the Aselsan Murad-600A AESA radar reflects a broader trend towards more sophisticated and versatile military radar systems, addressing the need for quick and accurate detection, tracking, and response to diverse and complex threats.

US Air Force Eyes Anti-Drone Barriers to Protect F-15 Strike Eagles

 In response to the growing threat posed by small drones, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina is considering installing anti-drone barriers to safeguard its F-15E Strike Eagles. The US Air Force’s 4th Contracting Squadron has issued a Request for Information (RFI) to explore options for a "Counter Small Unmanned Aerial System Barrier," although the government has not yet committed to the project.

The move highlights the increasing danger that small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) pose to military personnel and installations both abroad and in the US. Despite the F-15E's proven combat prowess, these aircraft remain vulnerable to drone attacks while stationed at their home bases.

The RFI follows a recent incident in Germany where a Eurofighter Typhoon collided with a drone, causing damage to the aircraft. Similar incidents have been reported in the US, though no specific drone incidents at Seymour Johnson have been disclosed.

Former CENTCOM Commander Kenneth McKenzie has underscored the threat posed by small, inexpensive drones, which can be easily acquired and used for disruptive purposes. The US military has been working with Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) companies to develop technologies to detect and neutralize unauthorized drones.

The proposed anti-drone barriers would need to be robust enough to stop drones weighing up to 55 pounds and traveling at speeds of up to 125 mph. The barriers must also be lightweight, flame retardant, and able to be quickly opened and closed. The initiative reflects ongoing efforts to enhance defense measures at US air bases in light of recent global conflicts, including the war in Ukraine, where drones have been used to carry out significant attacks on airfields.

Sweden Bolsters Baltic Defense: Procures Anti-Aircraft Guns for Assault Boats

Sweden is enhancing its maritime defense capabilities by seeking anti-aircraft guns for its Combat Boat 90 fleet, aiming to counter potential threats from drones and helicopters, particularly in the Baltic Sea region amid tensions with Russia.

The Swedish Ministry of Defense's procurement arm, FMV, has initiated a tender to acquire eight anti-aircraft guns, signaling a strategic move in response to growing concerns about security in the Baltic Sea. This procurement, valued at over $176 million, underscores Sweden's commitment to fortifying its amphibious units against aerial threats.

These anti-aircraft guns, to be integrated onto the Combat Boat 90 vessels, will provide enhanced protection across various naval theaters, including critical areas of interest. With a designated ammunition supply for 12 years, they offer a cost-effective defense solution against airborne threats, akin to Ukraine's defense strategy against Russian aggression.

As tensions escalate in the Baltic Sea, driven by Russia's ambitions in the region, Swedish Armed Forces Commander Micael Bydén has emphasized the strategic significance of key locations like Gotland. Positioned strategically in the Baltic, Gotland holds immense importance, prompting Sweden, now a NATO member, to maintain a military presence on the island.

Russia's recent moves to revise maritime borders, particularly around Kaliningrad and the Gulf of Finland, raise concerns of potential territorial disputes with neighboring NATO nations, further highlighting the need for enhanced maritime defense measures in the region. 

France Bars Israeli Companies from Eurosatory Defense Show Over Gaza Conflict

 France has prohibited Israeli companies from participating in Eurosatory, Europe’s largest defense exhibition, due to Israel's military actions in Gaza. The French Armed Forces Ministry stated that "conditions are no longer suited" for Israeli companies to attend, aligning with French President Emmanuel Macron's calls for Israel to cease operations in Rafah.

President Macron has expressed outrage over Israeli strikes in Rafah, which have resulted in numerous casualties. This decision reflects ongoing debates in France regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the country's defense exports to Israel. Armed Forces Minister Sebastien Lecornu has faced multiple inquiries from lawmakers about these exports.

Over 70 Israeli companies, including major firms like Israel Aerospace Industries, Elbit Systems, and Rafael Advance Defense Systems, were set to participate in the show starting June 17. Elbit had planned to showcase its PULS multiple-rocket launcher and Sigma next-generation howitzer.

In compliance with the French government's decision, there will be no representation from the Israeli defense industry at Eurosatory 2024, as confirmed by the event organizer Coges Events.

Israel, the world's ninth-largest arms exporter, saw its defense exports rise to a record $12.5 billion in 2022, with $3.67 billion in sales to Europe. Unmanned aerial vehicles and related systems comprised a significant portion of these exports, followed by missiles, rockets, and air-defense systems.

EU Considers Comprehensive Air Defense Shield Backed by Greece and Poland

 The European Union is evaluating the creation of its own air defense shield following support for a Greek-Polish initiative. Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk proposed the idea to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who swiftly endorsed it.

EU’s top diplomat, Josep Borrell, also expressed support but noted numerous questions remain, such as the placement, capacity, and funding of the air defenses.

The initiative aims to create a comprehensive system to protect EU airspace, motivated by the threat of Russia’s actions in Ukraine. This joint project would also demonstrate EU unity in defense.

The Greek-Polish proposal could challenge Germany's European Sky Shield Initiative, which involves 21 countries and integrates NATO's air defense architecture with a mix of European and non-European systems like the Israeli-American Arrow 3 missile and the U.S. Patriot system. Germany’s reaction to the new proposal has been neutral, provided it doesn't interfere with their efforts.

While the idea was discussed at the recent Foreign Affairs Council meeting, no formal action was taken. German and EU officials indicated that formalizing such proposals wasn’t within the council's immediate remit.