Canada Initiates Acquisition of Up to 12 New Submarines for Arctic Defense

 

Canada is initiating the acquisition of up to 12 new conventionally-powered submarines capable of operating under ice. This move, announced by Defence Minister Bill Blair, marks the first step in engaging the industry for this significant defense project.

Given Canada's vast coastline, maintaining robust underwater surveillance is vital for national security and sovereignty. The updated defense policy, "Our North, Strong and Free," highlights the increasing accessibility of the Arctic due to climate change, which is making the region more attractive to foreign actors with military ambitions. By 2050, the Arctic Ocean may become a major shipping route between Europe and East Asia.

The Arctic's growing accessibility has led to increased activity from global competitors seeking access to natural resources and transportation routes. Russian submarines are active in the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans, while China is rapidly expanding its underwater fleet.

In response to these challenges, the Canadian government is committed to renewing and expanding its submarine fleet. The current fleet of four Victoria-class submarines is aging and costly to maintain. A modern fleet is essential to protect Canada's sovereignty from emerging threats.

Minister Blair announced that Canada is taking the first step in procuring up to 12 new submarines, starting with formal industry engagement. This initiative, part of the Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP), aims to acquire a larger, modernized fleet to enhance the Royal Canadian Navy's ability to detect and deter maritime threats, control maritime approaches, project power, and maintain a persistent deterrent across all three coasts.

The Department of National Defence is meeting with manufacturers and potential partners as part of the CPSP. A formal Request for Information (RFI) will be posted in fall 2024 to gather information on procurement, construction, delivery, and operational capabilities. This RFI will also explore establishing a submarine sustainment capability in Canada, fostering strategic partnerships for personnel training and information sharing.

Canada's new submarines must meet key requirements, including stealth, lethality, persistence, and Arctic deployability. These capabilities will ensure Canada can effectively detect, track, deter, and, if necessary, defeat adversaries in all three oceans while supporting allies globally.

The procurement of up to 12 submarines is essential for defending Canada's three coasts. The federal government is eager to collaborate with industry to deliver world-class submarines.

“As the country with the longest coastline in the world, Canada needs a new fleet of submarines,” said Minister Blair. “This new fleet will protect our sovereignty and contribute significantly to the security of our partners and NATO Allies.”

The Arctic region is becoming more accessible, leading to increased Russian and Chinese activity. In response, the Canadian government has committed $8.1 billion over five years and $73 billion over 20 years for new defense spending, which includes renewing the submarine fleet, acquiring vehicles for icy terrains, enhancing patrol vessels, and other key defense upgrades. Canada’s current fleet of Victoria-class submarines, purchased from the UK in 1998, will be modernized into the mid-to-late 2030s.

Biden Announces New Air Defense Support for Ukraine at NATO Summit

 

At the NATO summit marking the alliance's 75th anniversary, President Joe Biden announced a new agreement with four countries to supply additional air defense systems to Ukraine, a crucial need as Kyiv defends against Russian missile attacks.

Speaking from the historic Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C., where the original North Atlantic Treaty was signed, Biden described the agreement as a “historic donation of air defense equipment for Ukraine.” He detailed that the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, and Italy will provide Ukraine with equipment for five additional strategic air defense systems over the next few months.

“The United States and our partners intend to provide Ukraine with dozens of additional tactical air defense systems,” Biden added. The U.S., Germany, and Romania will supply additional Patriot batteries, the Netherlands will contribute Patriot components, and Italy will donate a SAMP-T system.

The five countries stated they are working on a “further announcement this year of additional strategic air defense systems for Ukraine.” They also plan to supply Ukraine with numerous tactical air defense systems, including NASAMS, HAWKs, IRIS T-SLM, IRIS T-SLS, and Gepard systems.

This announcement follows the U.S.'s recent move to prioritize Ukraine for Patriot and NASAM interceptors. “Ukraine will receive hundreds of additional interceptors over the next year, helping protect Ukrainian cities and troops,” Biden said. Many of these interceptors will be delivered by the end of summer, with Ukraine taking precedence over other countries, except Taiwan and Israel, which will not face delays.

Biden's announcement came a day after a devastating Russian missile attack on Ukraine’s largest children's hospital, which killed at least 31 people and wounded over 150 in five Ukrainian cities. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who is attending the summit in Washington, confirmed the attack.

More security packages for Ukraine from other NATO member countries are expected to be announced during the summit. “Together we’ve built a global coalition to stand with Ukraine,” said Biden, highlighting the collective economic, humanitarian, and military support provided to Ukraine, including tanks, armored vehicles, air defense systems, long-range missiles, and millions of munitions.

Biden concluded by noting that the United States and nearly two dozen allied partners have signed a bilateral security agreement with Ukraine.

US Navy to Deploy Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles from Submarines by End of 2024

The US Navy (USN) is set to deploy a torpedo-tube launch-and-recovery (TTL&R) uncrewed underwater vehicle (UUV) capability on an operational submarine for the first time. This deployment will begin by the end of 2024 in the European theatre. Although submarines have previously used UUVs, the TTL&R method simplifies deployment and retrieval, enhancing capabilities and maneuverability in the underwater domain.

Vice Admiral Rob Gaucher, Commander of Submarine Forces, announced at the Naval Leaders' Combined Naval Event 2024 (CNE 24) in Farnborough, UK, that the UUVs would be installed on the USS Delaware in the coming weeks and will be deployed by year's end. The Delaware, a Virginia-class nuclear-powered attack submarine commissioned in April 2020, is part of the USN's plan to develop a fully integrated SSN-based UUV capability.

Vice Adm Gaucher emphasized the importance of increasing UUV operations within the submarine force and outlined plans to accelerate this development in 2024. The deployment will include an HII REMUS 600 UUV, tested successfully in late 2023 when launched and recovered via the Delaware’s torpedo tube. The US Navy’s regional commanders in Europe will seek exercises and opportunities to test this TTL&R-based UUV capability during the Delaware’s deployment across the Atlantic.

The second successful test of the TTL&R capability occurred on the Delaware in December 2023, following an earlier test in the Pacific. Vice Adm Gaucher highlighted the need to integrate emerging commercial UUV technologies into regular naval operations, stressing the importance of practical experience and trials.

The TTL&R capability, part of the AUKUS (Australia/UK/US) strategic partnership, exemplifies new concepts and technologies being developed under Pillar 2. This development underscores the collaboration between the three navies in advancing subsea and seabed warfare capabilities, with UUVs playing a crucial role in defending underwater infrastructure.

Vice Adm Gaucher concluded by emphasizing the need for more exercises and development to expand uncrewed operations, aiming for exponential growth in the use of uncrewed systems. 

Hezbollah Releases Drone Surveillance Footage of Israeli Military Infrastructure in Golan Heights

 Following the release of drone footage by Lebanon-based Hezbollah showing Israel's military sites, a second high-definition video has surfaced, heightening fears of a possible conflict. On July 9, Hezbollah (allegedly backed by Iran) published drone footage revealing sensitive Israeli military facilities in the Golan Heights, under Israeli control. The footage, containing images and coordinates of military targets in Northern Israel, has circulated widely on social media and messaging apps like Telegram. Reports indicate that the 10-minute video was captured by drones over Israeli intelligence bases, command centers, and military camps in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights.

This marks Hezbollah's second such drone operation. Last month, they released a nearly ten-minute video from spy drones over various Israeli locations, including Haifa's seaport and airport. Despite Israel's advanced air defense systems, these drones, known as 'Hoopoe,' have managed to evade detection and capture footage of Israeli infrastructure in June 2024. Hezbollah regularly deploys both surveillance and attack drones into Israel, using the collected data for subsequent strikes.

The recent footage is significant as it comes shortly after Hezbollah claimed responsibility for a drone attack on an Israeli military intelligence base on Mount Hermon in the Golan Heights on July 7. Israel responded with counter-strikes on Hezbollah buildings in southern Lebanon. Rising tensions between Israel and Iran-backed Hezbollah have sparked concerns of a large-scale conflict, prompting several countries to evacuate their citizens from Lebanon. The US Pentagon has warned of a potential catastrophe if war erupts.

Harrison Mann, a former Defense Intelligence Agency major, indicated that the US might become involved in a regional conflict if another war breaks out between Israel and Lebanon. Despite these warnings, both sides continue to engage in regular hostilities. Hezbollah opposes Israel's actions in Gaza, calling them genocidal, and recently declared that Hamas' attack on Israel was a precursor to Israel's destruction.

With no signs of de-escalation, Hezbollah's recording of Israeli military sites is seen as an effort to bypass Israel's renowned surveillance and air defense technology. According to Reuters, following the deaths of senior commanders in Israeli airstrikes, Hezbollah has adopted low-tech methods to evade advanced Israeli surveillance. Hezbollah's leader, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, described this as a "blinding" campaign against Israel, utilizing drones to research and target Israeli intelligence capabilities.

Israel claims to have killed several Hezbollah operatives in response to their attacks. The IDF routinely sends surveillance drones over the border and uses advanced electronic eavesdropping. However, Hezbollah has adapted its strategies, avoiding traceable cell phones and using traditional communication methods and code phrases. Hezbollah also operates a private communication network dating back to the early 2000s, using couriers to update codes regularly.

Hezbollah showcases its intelligence-gathering and UAV capabilities, including an attack on Israel's Sky Dew observation balloon. Although these claims couldn't be independently verified, there is substantial evidence and social media claims indicating evolving combat strategies within Hezbollah's ranks.

Malaysia Plans to Induct Su-57 Fighter Jets by 2035

 

Despite mixed reviews of the Russian Su-57 Felon fighter jet, there is noticeable international interest in its purchase. According to local media outlet Twentytwo13, Malaysia is considering adding the Su-57 to the Royal Malaysian Air Force's (RMAF) fleet by 2035. Unnamed sources report that Malaysia could receive its first Su-57 Felon towards the end of its 14th Plan, which involves procuring one squadron initially with an option for a second.

The sources also mention that Malaysia intends to acquire another type of fighter jet, likely the American-made F/A-18C/D Hornets from Kuwait. Additionally, Malaysia plans to upgrade its current fleet of 18 Sukhoi Su-30MKM jets to the Super Flanker standard.

Malaysia's interest in the Su-57 and the South Korean KF-21 Boramae is due to their modern, operational status. Initially, Malaysia considered several options, including the Eurofighter Typhoon, French Dassault Rafale, Swedish Saab JAS-39 Gripen, and American Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. However, these aircraft are classified as 4.5 generation and have been in service for about two decades. The Super Hornet, for instance, is nearing its 25th year in operation, with Boeing planning to end production by 2025. Experts believe this generation of aircraft has nearly reached its developmental potential.

Meanwhile, Russia continues to equip its fighter squadrons with the Su-57 Felon in a cautious low-rate initial production phase.

The Su-57 Felon, developed by Russia’s Sukhoi company, is designed for air combat and strike missions. It features stealth, supermaneuverability, and the latest avionics, and is set to replace older aircraft like the MiG-29 and Su-27 in the Russian Air Force. The Su-57 is 66 feet long, 46 feet wide, and 15 feet tall, enabling it to carry a variety of weapons and sensors while remaining hard to detect on radar. It uses two Saturn AL-41F1 engines that help it reach speeds of up to Mach 2 and fly at supersonic speeds without afterburners, conserving fuel.

The unique wing design combines trapezoidal and swept wings with two widely spaced engines, improving lift, reducing drag, and enhancing stability and control. The Su-57's movable horizontal and vertical stabilizers enhance agility, stability, and control during various flight phases. The aircraft is built with alloys, including 40.5-44.5% aluminum and 18.6% titanium, and composites, which make up 22-26% of its weight and about 70% of its outer surface.

The Su-57 features the N036 Byelka radar system, which uses AESA technology to electronically steer its beam, allowing quicker target spotting and tracking. This radar enhances the Su-57’s situational awareness and combat effectiveness. It can detect and follow multiple targets simultaneously and has advanced electronic warfare capabilities, including jamming enemy radars and communications and gathering intelligence from enemy signals. The radar’s low probability of intercept (LPI) capability makes its signals hard for enemies to detect, reducing the chance of the Su-57 being tracked or targeted.

The Su-57 is armed with the R-77 missile (AA-12 Adder), R-73 missile (AA-11 Archer), and R-37M missile (AA-13 Arrow) for long-range engagements. It also carries air-to-ground weapons like the Kh-38 missile and Kh-59MK2 cruise missile, which is designed for high-value targets with low radar visibility and precision. The Su-57 can deploy guided bombs such as the KAB-250 and KAB-500, making it effective for close air support and strategic bombing. Additionally, it has a 30mm GSh-30-1 autocannon for close-range air combat and ground target strafing, adding to its versatility and lethality.

Japan Unveils Footage of Hypersonic Missile Test for Island Defense

 

Japan has taken a significant step in bolstering its defense capabilities by successfully testing the Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP). This hypersonic missile test was conducted by the Acquisition Technology and Logistics Agency (ATLA) of Japan's Ministry of Defense (MoD) on March 23, 2024, in the United States. The test, which was publicly announced last week, showcased the HVGP as a “High-Speed Gliding Missile for Island Defense,” categorizing it within the boost-glide vehicle class.

The HVGP is part of Japan’s strategic effort to counter the growing hypersonic threats from China, Russia, and North Korea. Hypersonic weapons, capable of traveling at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound and maneuvering during flight, pose a significant challenge to current missile defense systems. Japan’s HVGP is scheduled for deployment by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) in the fiscal year 2026.

Development of the HVGP began in 2018, aiming for completion by 2025. However, due to escalating regional threats, mass production started early in 2023. The missile will be developed in phases, with the initial “Early Deployment Version (Block 1)” tested recently. Future versions, “Enhanced Capability Version (Block 2A)” and “Enhanced Capability Version (Block 2B),” are planned to extend the missile’s range to 2,000 km and 3,000 km, respectively, by the fiscal years 2027 and 2030.

The HVGP’s design allows it to be launched from a truck-mounted booster, with the warhead separating mid-flight to glide towards its target. This design enhances its agility and makes it difficult to intercept. The primary guidance system is the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), with an inertial navigation system as a backup. Future enhancements may include radio-frequency imaging and infrared homing for engaging moving targets.

Japan has been proactively working on hypersonic standoff systems, including the Hypersonic Cruise Missile (HCM) and the HVGP, to strengthen its defense posture. Japan's defense minister, Yasukazu Hamada, has emphasized the importance of these developments in response to increasing military threats from neighboring countries. The HVGP is expected to serve as a crucial component in defending Japan’s isolated islands and maintaining regional stability.

The recent test aimed to evaluate the HVGP’s fundamental propulsion, materials, and electronic systems. Further tests are necessary to confirm the system’s full operational capabilities. The HVGP could potentially be adapted for anti-ship roles, providing a versatile defense tool against various threats. Japan's proactive steps in hypersonic missile development reflect its commitment to enhancing national security and maintaining a technological edge in the region.

Could Israel Acquire F-22 Raptors as the US Air Force Retires Them?

 

The US Air Force (USAF) plans to retire its older F-22 Raptors in 2024, deeming upgrades too costly. However, Israel, a key ally, might find value in acquiring these fifth-generation fighter jets despite upgrade expenses surpassing $2 billion. 

Unlike the widely exported F-35, the F-22 has only been operated by the US due to a 1990s Congressional ban aimed at preventing its advanced stealth technology from reaching adversaries like Russia and China.

Former President Donald Trump once considered selling the F-22 to Israel to maintain its military edge, especially after agreeing to sell F-35s to the UAE. With the USAF seeking to redirect funds from retiring Block 20 F-22s to new projects like hypersonic missile development and the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter, 32 out of 185 F-22s are set for storage. Despite operational costs of $485 million annually, experts argue that transferring these aircraft to Israel would bolster US allies against threats from Iran, Russia, and China.

National security analyst Brandon J. Weichert suggests that selling F-22s to Israel could help reopen production lines, reduce costs, and sustain the jet's long-term viability. The F-22, although not designed for export, offers unparalleled capabilities, as demonstrated in exercises like Northern Edge 2006, where it achieved a 108-to-zero kill ratio against top fighter jets.

Developed under the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the F-22 Raptor is a single-seat, twin-engine stealth fighter with superior air-to-air and ground attack capabilities. Despite its high cost and certain limitations, such as a relatively short range and small weapons magazine, the F-22 remains a formidable asset. The USAF originally planned to procure 750 units but scaled down to 187 by 2009, with the last delivery in 2012.

As the USAF considers the future of its F-22 fleet, transferring some of these aircraft to Israel could ensure the US remains strategically prepared with well-armed allies, particularly amid growing global tensions.